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Networking

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Published in: Networking
1,673 Views

This PPT is about the physical cables

Radha K / Kolkata

3 years of teaching experience

Qualification: B.TECH

Teaches: Computer Science, English, Physics, Social Studies, Spoken English

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  1. Chapter 2 The Physical Layer
  2. The Theoretical Basis for Data Communication Fourier Analysis Bandwidth-Limited Signals Maximum Data Rate of a Channel
  3. Bandwidth-Limited Signals Time 0.50 0.25 1234567 89101112131415 Harmonic number (a) 1 harmonic (b) 2 harmonics (c) A binary signal and its root-mean-square Fourier amplitudes. (b) — (c) Successive approximations to the original signal.
  4. Bandwidth-Limited Signals (2) Time 4 harmonics 12 34 (d) 8 harmonics 12345678 Harmonic number (d) Successive approximations to the original signal. (e)
  5. Bandwidth-Limited Signals (3) Bps 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 T (msec) 26.67 13.33 6.67 3.33 1 .67 0.83 O. 42 0.21 First harmonic (Hz) 37.5 75 150 300 600 1200 # Harmonics sent 80 40 20 10 5 2 1 0 Relation between data rate and harmonics.
  6. Guided Transmission Data Magnetic Media Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Fiber optics
  7. Twisted Pair (b) (a) Category 3 UTP. Category 5 UTP. (b) Twisting done to stop cross-talk
  8. Coaxial Cable Copper core Insulating material Braided outer conductor A coaxial cable. Protective plastic covering
  9. Air Air/silica boundary (11 Silica (12 Fiber Optics (13 Light source (b) (a) Three examples of a light ray from inside a silica fiber impinging on the air/silica boundary at different angles. (b) Light trapped by total internal reflection.
  10. Transmission of Light through Fiber 2.0 1.8 1.6 -Y 1.4 1.2 0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.85g Band 0.8 0.9 1.30g Band 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Wavelength (microns) 1.55g Band 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Attenuation of light through fiber in the infrared region. Attenuation in decidels = 10 log _ 10 (transmitted power/received power)
  11. Fiber Cables Jacket Cladding (a) (a) Side view of a single fiber. (b) End view of a sheath with three fibers. 1. 2. 3. Terminate in connector 15-20% LOSS Spliced mechanically 10% loss 3. Fused to form solid connection
  12. Fiber Cables (2) Item Data rate Fiber type Distance Lifetime Temperature sensitivity Cost LED Low Multimode Short Long life Minor Low cost Semiconductor laser High Multimode or single mode Long Short life Substantial Expensive A comparison of semiconductor diodes and LEDs as light sources.
  13. Fiber Optic Networks To/from computer Computer of interface Fiber Interface Copper wire Optical fiber Optical receiver (photodiode) Signal regenerator (elect Direction of light propagation Optical transmitter (LED) A fiber optic ring with active repeaters.
  14. Fiber Optic Networks (2) Receiver Transmitter Computer interfaces Each incoming fiber illuminates the whole star Each outgoing fiber sees light from all the incoming fibers A passive star connection in a fiber optics network.
  15. a) b) c) d) e) Advantages Low attenuation, long lines — 50 km Power surges, electromagnetic interference, power failure Lightweight Do not leak light, quite difficult to tap Less familiar technology
  16. Class till here

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