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RIP:Routing Information Protocol

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Published in: Networking
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Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is the implementation of the distance vector protocol.

Nimi / Kochi

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Qualification: M.Tech.

Teaches: Computer Science, IT, Computer

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  1. RIP:R0uting Information Protocol By NimiTP S2, M Tech
  2. Routing protocols can be either an interior protocol or an exterior protocol. interior protocol handles intradomain routing; an exterior protocol handles interdomain routing intra-domain routing protocols: distance vector and link state,
  3. > one inter-domain routing protocol: path vector Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is the implementation of the distance vector protocol. Popular routing protocols Interior RIP OSPF Exterior BGP
  4. RIP The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an intradomain (interior) routing protocol used inside an autonomous system. It is a very simple protocol based on distance vector routing.
  5. RIP implements distance vector routing directly with some considerations: 1. In an autonomous system, we are dealing with routers (nodes) and networks (links) 2. The destination in a routing table is a network, which means the first column defines a network address. 3. The metric used by RIP is very simple; the distance is defined as the number of links (networks) that have to be used to reach the destination. For this reason, the metric in RIP is called a hop count.
  6. 4. Infinity is defined as 16, which means that any route in an autonomous system using RIP cannot have more than 15 hops. 5. The next node column defines the address of the router to which the packet is to be sent to reach its destination.
  7. 1 LIO Exanp/e ofadomain usingRIP 1952.40124 195.2.4.1 195.2.5.1 IR3 195.2.6.1 Oest. Cost Next RI nest. CoÄ 205. 2 30.1002 1 1 2 196.zs.2 13tL10.o.z 13CL10.o.z Q Table 130.10.0.0,'16 130.11.0.0.'16 103.2.5.t1,21 195.2.6.11i21 2115.5.5.Chi2å 103.2.4.ffi21 193.2.5.11i21 n;.5.6.Cki2å 1 1 3 13UlO.L1 2 13ff11.O.1 COA Next 3 10515.1 2 105251 1 1 10515.1 105.2.5.1 205.5.5.1 205.5.81 205.5.6.0 Legend Ethernet switch N Network nest CoÄ Next 2 13011.02 3 13011.02 3 13011.02 Table
  8. RIP Message Format The format of the RIP message is shown below. Command Version Family Network address All os All os Distance Reserved All os
  9. Command. This 8-bit field specifies the type of message: request (1) or response (2). Version. This 8-bit field defines the version. Family. This 16-bit field defines the family of the protocol used. For TCP/IP the value is 2.
  10. Network address. The address field defines the address of the destination network, Distance. This 32-bit field defines the hop count (cost) from the advertising router to the destination network. Note that part of the message is repeated for each destination network.
  11. Requests and Responses RIP has two types of messages: request and response. Request A request message is sent by a router that has just come up or by a router that has some time-out entries. Com: I Version Family Reserved All os Com: I Version Family Reserved All os Network address All os All os All os a. Request for some All os All os All os All os b. Request for all
  12. Response A response can be either solicited or unsolicited. A solicited response is sent only in answer to a request. It contains information about the destination specified in the corresponding request. An unsolicited response, on the other hand, is sent periodically, every 30 seconds or when there is a change in the routing table. The response is sometimes called an update packet.
  13. Timers in RIP Periodic 25-35 s Timers Expiration 180 s Garbage collection 120 s
  14. RIP uses three timers to support its operation. Periodic timer: control advertising of regular update messages (25-35 sec) Expiration timer: governs the validity of a route (180 sec) Every time an update (on a 30 sec average) is received the timer is reset If no update received within this timer the metric is set to 16(destination is unreachable)
  15. Garbage timer: 120 sec A route can be advertised with a 16 metric for 120 sec before it get purged Allow neighbors to have knowledge of the invalidity of a route
  16. RIP Version 2 They have only replaced those fields in version 1 that were filled with Os for the TCP/IP protocol with some new fields.
  17. I Command Family Version Route tag Reserved Network Address Subnet mask Next-hop address Distance
  18. Route tag. This field carries information such as the autonomous system number, It can be used to enable RIP to receive information from an interdomain routing protocol. Subnet mask. This is a 4-byte field that carries the subnet mask (or prefix), This means that RIP2 supports classless addressing and CIDR
  19. Next-hop address. This field shows the address of the next hop.
  20. Classless Addressing Probably the most important difference between the two versions of RIP is classful versus classless addressing. RIPv2 adds one field for the subnet mask, which can be used to define a network prefix length.RIP 2 supports classless addressing.
  21. Authentication Authentication is added to protect the message against unauthorized advertisement, Command OxFFFF Version Authentication Type Reservec Authentication Data 16 bytes
  22. Multicasting In RIP version2 ,the all-router multicast address to send the RIP messages only to RIP routers in the network. Encapsulation RIP messages are encapsulated in UDP user datagrams. The well-known port assigned to RIP in UDP is port 520.

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