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Semantic Web

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Published in: Networking
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This presentation includes introductory concepts of Semantic Web and why it is important.

Anuja S / Chandigarh

5 years of teaching experience

Qualification: M.Tech (Banasthali Vidyapeeth University - 2012), B.Tech/B.E. (Maharishi Dayanand University - 2010), 12th (HAL School korwa - 2006)

Teaches: Basic Computer, Computer for official job, MS Office, School Level Computer, Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics, PSU Exam, GATE Exam, Computer, IT, Java Script, Web CMS

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  1. Table of contents Introduction History Why the technology is used How the technology is used Conclusion References
  2. Introduction What is Semantic Web?? Semantic = meaning Semantic web = meaning + web Web + Data base + Knowledge Representation O extension of the current web technology O a web where the focus is placed on the meaning of words O a metadata based infrastructure [1]Semantic Web is a group of methods and technologies to allow of machines to understand the meaning or "semantics" information on the World Wide Web. The term was coined by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) director Tim Berners-Lee. He defines the Semantic Web as "a web of data that can be processed directly and indirectly by machines.'
  3. Example Semantic Web Search Web Ct tee • tsa e:tntl tto Vs Normal Web Search Wes 9te9tn of tie Wes fitf:trtdi'ti ita it m"itg it IDC Sernnic Web Somwf€ Web thit dr.) tq cormrf.f Serpx•kic Web Wes ktyly be6n to fie If we search keyword semantic web in Google, it show all links (sites) But in a semantic web search ,you get definition of "Semantic Web" with relevant links
  4. [2] Web Updates Web 1.0 - Web Browser driven - started with handwritten HTML pages Web 2.0 - Web Services based API driven - started with machine generated and active HTML pages - direct human processing (reading, browsing, form- filling) - web of links Web 3.0 Web 2.0 Web 1.0 PC ERA esemantic web Wide web gesktop
  5. Web 3.0 - development and deployment of Data Model driven composite applications - aims at machine processable information - web of meaning (semantic web)
  6. Today: Rich Information Source for Human Manipulation/lnterpretation Dr. Deborah L. McGuinness - Microsoft Internet Explorer 8F0.narn Human Human Find a flight ut a gun' amd ten tu tn pur Deborah the zssociat& lese-re. Mie ot the Knonledge Systems Laboratorv ford She has in knovul*dge environments tor onto!ogy Cie and She has built and deployed numerous nmen& and applications, including some that haug in continuous use tor decade and Lucent ontology euolution environment trom Stantorci L!niuersit-g and is also a desmiption logiosÄerns- CLASSIC from Seli Journll SEWEB: • Committ:ee ghe is co released DARPA agent mgrkup hold; patent-in Mntiguatiöh and ontologies. and has t•een an inuited She has consulting business that n build a rnaintain ontoiogies and She is on the adriscrv board tor O and Poowermakeå, is also on the exe eutiue council for the Arne(ioan essoc:iatiQn of Artitioial steering board tor the organization f cr d Ontology Inferentæ Layer and the editorial board 01 the international htt ETna - The Role of Frame-Based Representation on the Semantic Web Ota 1_— & W W • Tri* u •a Wai •S Frame—based Representation Svstemg _ turn n 'W L..ee.æe.g—l— Usa2il i' Oueii •t quinnemunt•jr,•. detail'S des rra•v "*k, A CLASSIC • • Liz." • in . a a desqiø•— is irrwl•rnmi Semantic Web Workshop (SWWS) International Semantic Web Workshop (SWWS) Infrastructure and Applications G.r the Semantic Web NOKIA CONNECMNG PEOPLE network Human Human
  7. Tomorrow: Rich Information Source for Manipulation/lnterpretation Age nt 8F0.narn •Dr. Deborah L. McGuinness is the xssoci•te Microsoft Internet Explorer ghe is ih released DARPA agent ma*up Human A ent Usa2il i' Oueii •t quinnemunt•jr,•. detail'S des rra•v "*k, Find a flight ut a gun' amd ten tu tn pur em L..ee.æe.g—l— Nientih 't the Knm,wedge Systems Laboratorv at Sta f rd Eh a has no*ing in knovuledga enuironmants ontology ation and maintenance for 20 years She has buiit and depioved numerous nmen}s and appiications. including some that haue been in continuous use a decade and Lucent ontology evolution environment trom Stanford Uniuesit-y and is aiso s co- description logiosÄems- CLASSIC trom Journll SEWEB: • Committ:ee "Web papers. holds t.æténtsin eonfiguætion and ontologies. and has an inuited speaker at many She has consulting business that maintain large ontologies and She is on the adrisory beard on the executiue couneii for the American Of Artfic:ial steering board tna inte Layer e#ort. and the editorial boaid 01 the intemationai ht-t Ia.'dlm ETna - The Role of Frame-Based Representation on the Semantic Web Ota 1_— & W W • Tri* u •a Wai •S Frame—based Representation Svstemg 'urn m 'W A CLASSIC • • Liz." • in . a a desqiø•— is irrwl•rnmi Semantic Web Workshop (SWWS) International Semantic Web Workshop (SWWS) Infrastructure and Applications G.r the Semantic Web NOKIA CONNECMNG PEOPLE network
  8. [3]History 'In 1989 URIs(when invention of web) 'In 1997 W3C standardization of XML starts •In 1998 W3C standardization of SW starts "Work on Resource description framework(RDF), Work on RDF Schema(RDFS)" 'In 1999 Research projects on web ontologies "start EU:On-T0-Knowledge & 'In 2001 W3C Semantic Web Standardization: " Work on Web Ontology Language(OWL)" 'In 2004 RDF,OWL become W3C recommendation
  9. Goal 'Intelligent search instead of keyword matching 'Query answering instead of information retrieval 'Document exchange among departments via ontology mappings 'Definition of customized views on document 'Fast 'Correct results 'Representation of results
  10. [4]Why is there a need for the semantic web and what will it provide ' Today, we have problems in accessing and processing the available information — Searching for information Extracting information Presenting information/Maintenance Automatic document generation
  11. Cont.. Semantic web will provide machine-understandable semantics(intelligent search, query answering etc.) Achieving such a semantic web requires — languages and terminologies — tools and architectures — realizing applications
  12. How the semantic web will be possible layered architecture that tell about technologies behind semantic web XML URI Trust Proof Logic framework Rules Ontology RDF Schema RDF Namespaces Unicode Still experimental Standardization in progress Fully Standardized
  13. Cont„ [5]Components are: Unicode standard for computer character representation URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) a web identifier like strings starting with http or ftp XML: Provide additional information about the text Is content specific as opposed to presentation specific tags
  14. Cont.. Resource Description Framework: 'A standard for web metadata developed by W3c 'Suitable for describing web resources 'Provides interoperability 'Adds a simple data model on top of XML 'Provides three elements: objects,properties,and value of properties Problem with RDF •Not given any special meaning to vocabulary such as type(inheritance) RDF Schema: 'Also known as RDF Vocabulary Description Language sub-Class-Of or 'Definition of classes, inheritance hierarchies for classes and properties 'Domain and range restrictions for properties
  15. Cont.. RDF Schema: Also known as RDF Vocabulary Description Language Definition of classes, inheritance hierarchies for classes and properties Domain and range restrictions for properties Problem with RDFS No transitive, inverse or symmetrical ( Is Part of,has Part) ' Ontology (Web Ontology Language: OWL) — Built on top of RDF Have more vocabulary OWL is for processing information on the web give the exact description of things and their relationships
  16. Cont.. OWL has three sublanguages: OWL Lite OWL DL (includes OWL Lite) OWL Full (includes OWL DI) can make by Ontology editors (Protégé,Ontolingua,Chamera) For ex. We create ontology by protégé - used to define classes and class hierarchies, slots and slot value relationship between classes, and properties of these restrictions, relationships
  17. aOntology1298048238109.owl (http:/fwww.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2011/1/Ontology1 298048238109.owl) - and Settingslstuden... Edit Ontologies Reasoner Tools Refactor Tabs View Wndow Help (http: $$vvww.semanticvveb.org\ontüIogiest2ü11 $1 'Ontologyl 2431.1482381 Cig .owl) Activa Ontology Entities Classes Object Properties Data Properties Individuals Class hierarchy: disease disease 'communicable OChicken_Pok enonconmunicable OßLViz DL auery OALViz: disease Asserted model Thing 0 30 Ä Inferred model communicable disease noncommunicable Chicken Pox AIDS
  18. Continue . Logic and Proof: •an reasoning system provided on top of the ontology structure to make new inferences •using such a system, a software agent can make deductions as to whether a particular resource satisfies its requirements (and vice versa) Trust: vision of allowing people to ask questions about trustiness of web
  19. Tools for Information Access and navigation First Generation — Keywords used in free text retrieval system no ability to extract the meaning from the word or root stem not capable of understanding similar words ,the meaning of the words or sentence. Ex tools are web site "Search" tools and "find "option in MS Office Second Generation - Statistical Forecasting Ex calculate frequency and distance of keyword capable of understanding similar words can't understand the meaning of the words or sentence. tool is "Google"
  20. Third Generation - Natural Language Processing focus on the structure of language in this words in each sentence have a different role than others e.g. "man bites dog" is different from "dog bites man" Ex Tools are translator programs to convert words and language-specific grammar to convert source to target languages. Fourth Generation — Semantic Web Architecture and Applications Architecture is automated conversion and storage of unstructured text sources in a semantic web database applications automatically extract and process the concepts and context in the database in a range of highly flexible tools.
  21. Semantic Web Tools Online Registry DAML Ontology Library Schema Web Search Engine OSwoogle OSemantic Web Search Editor 0 Protégé create publish Reasoner inference browse Managing instance Ontologies Browser QTabulator QArago OMspace QMagpie OHaystack update extend integrate Mapping Tools OFACT++ (DL) OF-OWL QCWM Triple store OONION UPROMPT OOntoMapper OOntoMerge OOntomorph 21 Jena (SPARQL) OI
  22. Example We start with a book 'A DOCTOR ZHIVAGO FOR THE FAR EAST' THE INDEPENDENT Amitav Ghosh THE GLASS PALACE The magnificent, poignant, fascinating novel of three generations that starts in Mandalay .
  23. A simplified bookstore data (dataset "A") ID ISBN 0-00-6511409-X Author id_xyz Name Title Publisher Year The Glass Palace id_qpr Homepage 2000 ID id_xyz ID id_qpr Ghosh, Amitav Publisher's name http://www.amitavghosh.com City Harper Collins London
  24. 1st: export your data as a set of relations The Glass Palace 2000 London Harper Collins a:title a:year a:city Ghosh, Amitav http://...isbn/000651409X öxsbeq a:author a:name a:homepage http://www.amitavghosh.com
  25. Same book in French... AMITA\/ GHOSH PAWS DES
  26. C Traducteur 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Another bookstore data (dataset Ghosh, Amitav ISBN 2020286682 Titre Le Palais des Miroirs Auteur Original ISBN 0-00-6511409-X ISBN 0-00-6511409-X $AII$ Nom Besse, Christianne
  27. 2nd. . export your second set of data http://...isbn/000651409X f:auteur f:nom Ghosh, Amitav Le palais des miroirs http://...isbn/2020386682 f:traducteur f:nom Besse, Christianne
  28. 3rd. The Glass Palace 2000 London Harper Collins a:name Ghosh, Amitav sta rt a:title a:year a:city merging your data http://...isbn/000651409X dox•xsxxet a:author a:homepage http //.. : .isbn/000651409X f:auteur Le palais des miroirs http://www.amitavghosh.com 4 http•//.. . .isbn/2020386682 f:nom Ghosh, Amitav f:traducteur f:nom Besse, Christianne
  29. merging your data http://...isbn/000651409X The Glass Palace 2000 London Harper Collins a:name Ghosh, Amitav 3rd: start a:title a:year a:city dox•xsxxet a:author a:homepage http://www.amitavghosh.com Same http://...isbn/000651409X 4 f:auteur http•//.. URI! Le palais des miroirs . .isbn/2020386682 f:nom Ghosh, Amitav f:traducteur f:nom Besse, Christianne
  30. 3rd: start merging your data The Glass Palace 2000 London Harper Collins a:name Ghosh, Amitav a:title a:year a:city a:p_name a:author a:homepage http://www.amitavghosh.com http://...isbn/000651409X f:auteur f:nom Ghosh, Amitav f:original Le palais des miroirs http://...isbn/2020386682 f:traducteur f:nom Besse, Christianne
  31. User can ask queries... User of "F" can ask queries like: "give me the title of the original" this information is not in the F ... but can be available by merging with A add some extra information to the merged data: a:author same as f:auteur both recognize as a "Person"
  32. 3rd revisited: use the extra knowledge http://...isbn/000651409X The Glass Palace 2000 London Harper Collins a:name f:nom Ghosh, Amitav a:title a:year a:city a:p_name Le palais des miroirs f:original http://...isbn/2020386682 a:homepage a:author f:auteur r:type http•//•• . .foaf/Person http://www.amitavghosh.com f:traducteur r:type f:nom Besse, Christianne -1
  33. If user ask rich queries! User of "F" can now query: ' well... "give me the home page of the original's 'auteur"' The information is not in datasets "F" or A ... ...but can be retrieved by: merge "A" and F From this example we can say where is Semantic Web??? ? The Semantic Web allows technologies to make such integration possible
  34. Application areas for Semantic Web Technologies Knowledge management B2C Web commerce B2B electronic business
  35. Advantages is a complete database architecture, not only an application handle both structured and unstructured data is dynamic and automated support both human and machine intelligence systems
  36. Conclusion O "Semantic Web Vision" - a future where: Web information has exact meaning Web information can be processed by computers Computers can integrate information from the web The Semantic web simple but powerful Standardized by W3C: RDF, RDFS, OWL Currently working on O Query -- SPARQL O Rules-SWRL, RIF O Web services - OWL-S, WSDL-S, SAWSDL
  37. Cont... Semantics web make sense of search results based on context. It automatically recognize the concepts(classes) structuring the texts(domain). For instance, if you search for "election" a semantic search engine might retrieve documents containing the words "vote", "campaigning" and "ballot", even if the word "election" is not found in the source document.
  38. References . ?????????????????????????????????? Web 2. /http://www.w3schools.com

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