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Physics Class IX Motion

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Published in: Physics
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This ppt contains information regarding all concepts of one dimensional motion with basics of rest and motion.

Prakash J / Patna

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Qualification: B.Tech.

Teaches: English, Logic, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Drawing, Electronics, IT

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  1. PHYSICS CLASSES BY ERs PRAKASH JHA
  2. CLASS Basic concepts of Motion I
  3. POSITION a bc d Left to right Suppose four a,b,c,d are seating in a row equidistant from their neighbors from left to right as shown Position of b with respect to a is immediate right c is immediate left d is second to the left Thus position is relative which varies according to the reference point.
  4. Relative and Absolute Position North B East west c south In the figure position of B with respect to A is AB in East Respect to C is CB North East. Thus position of a particular point can vary with different points This is known as Relative Position . But in order to consider all points in one frame we need to consider one point as a absolute referral point an position of all other points with respect to that point will be their Absolute Position. For example consider O as a absolute point then position of all other points with respect to O will be their absolute position for B is 0B in North East. Similarly A is OA North West and So On. Note :- 1. We Can take any point as absolute according to our convenience. 2. Direction as well as distance both is required to know ones position.
  5. Illustrative Problem North ' Questions: West 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3m O 3m 4m South East What is the position of E with respect to D? What is the position of O with respect to B? What is the position of B with respect to E? Find the absolute position of all points Considering O as absolute point? Find the absolute position of all points considering A as absolute Point?
  6. concept of Rest and Motion A body is said to be in rest if its position does not vary with respect Rest to a given referral point as time passes. ' Motion: A body is said to be in motion if there is a continues change in its position with respect to a given referral as time passes. ' Concept of rest and motion is related to referral change in position so a single object can be at rest or motion same time with different referral points. ' If we consider a single object as referral point and consider it as rest, as a absolute point any object which is at rest with respect to that point is considered at rest and same case with motion. ' In general we consider Earth as absolute point considering it at rest, Although It is in motion with respect to Sun and other planets
  7. Direction of passenger's motion Relative motion
  8. SCALER AND VECTOR B B AB is a line segment of length l. AB has no specified direction. AB is a Scalar with magnitude I Also AB=BA B BA is a directed line segment directed from B to A. The length of BA is I that is its magnitude is l. Thus BA is a vector AB is a directed line segment directed from A to B. The length of AB is I that is its magnitude is l. Thus AB is a vector Note :- Vector BA is not equal to Vector AB as their directions are different although they are equal in magnitude. For two vectors to be equal both direction and magnitude should be equal. Since the both vectors are equal in magnitude but just opposite in directions. We can write vectorAB= -VectorBA
  9. Distance And Displacement Distance Displacement The actual path covered during motion of The Change in position made during a body It is needed not to be the Shortest path between two points It is the Scaler quantity as It does not have any particular direction motion of a body is known as displacement It is the shortest path between initial and final position It is a vector quantity as it is always directed.
  10. Illustrative Examples: Distance c Displacement In the figure there can be various paths, but the shortest path denotes actual change in position from Initial point A to final point B which we call as displacement. c
  11. Illustrative Example: If path taken between A and B is through arc it is c X= 7Tr B Displacement is Suppose a boy running on the track , he starts from A and after completing one round his distance is 27tr But his position remains same thus displacement is zero.
  12. Concept of Rate: Rate is defined as ratio of change in two quantities Rate is of two types . Average Rate of quantity A with respect to B net change in A\net change in B .lnstantaneous Rate is rate at an Instant that is for very short interval of time. .Speed, Velocity and Acceleration are examples of Rate.
  13. speed and Velocity ' Average speed = total distance travelled/total time taken ' Instant speed = speed during a very small interval of time ' Average Velocity= Net Displacement /total time taken ' Instant velocity= velocity during a very small interval of time ' Velocity is related to displacement and thus is a vector quantity.
  14. Acceleration ' Acceleration = Rate of change of velocity with respect to time ' Same as velocity there is a concept of Instant and average acceleration ' Acceleration is a vector quantity. ' Acceleration is related to change in velocity. Therefor change of velocity in terms of magnitude or direction both can be regarded as accelerated motion. In this case, the direction of velocity is keep on changing, but the magnitude is constant. Such kind of motion is also an example of accelerated motion. veloci centri etal acceleration
  15. Uses of Graphs: A Graph is a pictorial representation which denotes relation between two quantities. In general we take X axis as Independent quantity for example we take time as X axis as time is keep on going at its own rate independent of any other factor. X -ve x' Y -ve X -ve X +ve O Y -ve X +ve x
  16. Concept of Slope in Graph: ' Slope of any graph represents its rate. Linear Graph: constant Rate y2-y1 X2-x1 x2 In this case slope M=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1) which is constant through out. Considering distance as Y axis and time as X axis we came to know slope is speed. M represents Average Speed between two points. x O -C/B-Ax/B= xl Here M is the slope of Graph M=-A/B and c is Y Intercept. This is the graph of linear Equation in which we represent how y varies with respect to x. Thus slope is constant.
  17. In this diagram, motion of three objects A,B and C is shown. We can see they have different speeds The speed is slope of graph which is represented by angle made By graph on time axis. Slope =tan 0 03 > 02 > 01 Roughly in this case we can say since Speed of c is greater than B which is greater than of A c distance 3 02 B 01 time
  18. NON LINEAR GRAPH: When Rate is not constant Average and instantaneous Speed: 01 represents instant speed at point A 02 represents instant speed at point B Distance 03 represents average speed during Its motion from A to C c As tan 03 = As/At=average speed A and C tan 02 = speed at B tan 01 = speed at A 02 03 At 01 time
  19. Distance Time Graph: ' Considering Motion in Straight Line: Situation 1: A person moving from his house consider it point A. He travels in a straight road for 5 second with a constant Speed of 1m/s for 4seconds and reaches B. He stops their for 5 second and again started moving in same direction for 4 seconds and reaches point C. 4m B 4m c Note: In this case Total distance travelled = 8m Total time taken= 12second Average speed= total distance/total time = 8m/12sec=0.67m/sec Total position displaced=total displacement=8m Average velocity=0.67m/sec from A to C Graph showing Distance Time Relation according to situation 1
  20. Position Time Graph: A ' Situation 2: Consider an object is moving in straight direction. It starts from origin moves first 3m in a direction for Isecond. Then take pause for 1 second, then moves 4m in same direction for 2 seconds, then it rests for 2 seconds, then moves backward direction 4 m in 1 second. Position(m) 3m 4m Time(s)
  21. Distance time graph of situation 2 12 10 distance time
  22. Velocity Time Graph: ' Velocity time graph represents how velocity will vary in accordance with time. ' Slope of velocity time graph represents acceleration. ' Area under velocity time graph represents distance and displacement. ' If we consider distance we add all areas under curve, in displacement we subtract those areas that is below time graph. Distance = A+B Displacement = A-B 01 and 02 represents acceleration at point X And Y respectively. 03 represents average velocity Acceleration between x and y 03 02 time B
  23. UNIFORM AND NON UNIFORM MOTION: ' Uniform motion: Equal distance travelled at equal interval of time ' Non Uniform motion: Unequal distance at unequal interval of time distan e distance time Uniform Motion time distance time Non Uniform Motion
  24. UNIFORMALY ACCELERATED MOTION: ' It is the motion with constant acceleration ' Such motions are governed by three equations of motion which can be proved using velocity time graph. 2, S-vlåt+-aåt2 3. 2aS- v; -v? Equation of Motion Equation of Motion 3d Equation of Motion where v/ is the final velocity VI is the bod/s initial velocity a is the acceleration of the body It is the time intetval/taken between the initial and final states S isthe displacement
  25. B c qc.eedr 1. 24 s _49 Time x
  26. PROBLEMS IN PART 11
  27. ??-???? YOU

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