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Spur Dikes

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Published in: Geography
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River flow erodes bank of river which erode bank of river.So Spur dikes can be used to prevent from erosion .

Deepika S / Jaipur

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  1. FLOW PATTERN AROUND SPUR DIKE DEEPIKA SHARMA
  2. What is spur dike Spur dike is a hydraulic structure which one end is on river bank and other end is projecting into the current Also known as groins.
  3. Oder river spur dike
  4. NEEDS The energy in a river causes erosion. ' Erosion embraces the beginning of motion of soli particles Initially at rest and their from the displacement under area consideration (Vanonl, 1975). The bed and banks can be eroded making it wider, deeper and longer.
  5. Flow pattern due to spur dike Spur dikes and groins directly Influence flow velocities and patterns In a river. ' If the structure Is built at the concave bank of an eroding river bend or along a straight bank where flow velocities are high, the main current Is shifted away from the bank toward the center of the channel. Channel depths adjust to the new velocity and shear ' stress conditions this happens by means of local sediment scour and deposition.
  6. The obstruction caused by spur dike generate complicate system of vortices formation. The primary vortex affects the bed Immediately In front of the spur dike, erodes bed material, entrains the eroded material In the flow, and al lows It to be carried away downstream by the main flow (Ahmad, 1953). ' Intermittent vortices of lesser strength occur along both the upstream and downstream faces of the dike.
  7. Plan View of Flow Patterns at a Spur Dike Exposed Groin (Copeland, 1983) PRIMARY VORrEX euRRENr or OEFLECTEO CURRENT euRRENr DEFLECTEO •Y DOWNSTREAM VORÜCES
  8. Functions of spur dike (a) Protects banks from erosion caused by flow concentration and attack with Training the river along the desired course to reduce the concentration Of flow at the Point of attack, (b) To divert or guide the flow (c)Creating a slack flow with the object of silting up the area in the vicinity of the river bank (d) Improving the depths for navigation purpose (e) Restoring fish habitat and on the mass transport processes (e.g., suspended particulates and organic matter) throughout the channel [Uijttewaal, 2005]
  9. Classification of spur dike The methods and materials of construction i.e. permeable, impermeable and slotted
  10. Based on Height of spur dike with respect to water level Non submerged spur dike Submerged spur dike
  11. Function to be performed Flcw Sccut Scou hde Attracting and deflecting spur dike Sc Jr Fok sun Reflecting and sedimenting spur dike
  12. Special shapes THU T shaped and hockey type SPUR Kinked type
  13. Literature review author Xu Hui , Li Guobin , Shangqian Qian , Zhang (2014) Submerged groins new group of two- dimensional numerical simulation of flow method YU )(in-ming 2014 methodology 1.This paper represented a 2d numerical model to stimulate the flow in the vicinity of submerged spur dike. This used finite volume on structural triangular mesh. 2.Water depth is considered in continuity and momentum equation 3.Spur dikes are supposed without thickness .these are generalized as grid lines. Water level nodes are arranged in grid center. The depth and velocity are arrange at grid interface. Shuangjiansha shoal protection project, severe bed scour would be caused by the tumbling overflow in the transitional zone between the submerged dike for beach protection and the north-south directional embankment. In prevention of this, flexible mattress tied with concrete blocks was applied to cope with the bottom protection result In this experiment using measuring data velocity and depth capability of the model to simulate the flow in the field of submerged dike
  14. H. Afsoos Biriaa, M. A. Lashteh Neshaeib, A. Ghabraeib, M. A. Mehrdadb 2014.Sediment transport pattern in the vicinity of submerged groynes. Roger A. Kuhnle, Yafei Jia, and Carlos V. Alonso Measured and Simulated Flow near a Submerged Spur Dike 2008 journal of hydraulic engineering They showed that the submerged height to wave height on the wave transmission coefficient has a direct effect. Dimensionless parameter crest width to wave height has a direct effect on transmission coefficient. When the wave steepness increases, the wave transmission coefficient decreases. Wave steepness parameter for the submerged spur dike was higher than non- submerged spur dike three-dimensional flow velocities were measured at 2,592 points using an acoustic Doppler velocity meter over a fixed flat bed with a trapezoidal shaped submerged spur dike in a laboratory flume. General velocity distribution and detailed near field flow structures were revealed by the measurements and numerical simulations performed using a free surface turbulent flow model with a k— closure scheme. The results show that for submerged dike sediment accumulation will be slightly less than the non-submerged dike. The length of the eddy zone downstream of the structure was found to be 1.6 times L the length of the dike. This is in contrast to the 5L to 12L length of the eddy zone found in other investigations.
  15. Mohamed F. M. Yossef and HuibVriendFIow Details near River Groynes Experimental Investigation(ASCE) J. de Vriend 2011 Guodong Li Lan Lasng Jian Ning 2013 3d numerical simulation of flow and local scour Experiments have been carried out in a fixed-bed flume for a schematized straight river reach with groynes on one side to study the dynamics of the flow near groynes. The flume had a geometrical scale of 1:40, based on typical dimensions of the Dutch River Waal The present paper uses FLOW- 3D software to simulate the three-dimensional flow and local scour around a non- submerged spur dike. For movable bed, the results verify that all of the scour process can be divided into three stages: initial stage, main scour stages and balance stage, most of the scour is completed in the first two stages In the submerged stage, theflowin the groyne fields region does not show the circulation pattern as observed in the emerged condition Numerical simulation results show that mathematical models and numerical methods used in the study can better simulate the dynamic procedure the scour around spur dike formation .this paper showsthat scoured surface is mainly influenced by submerged flow and horseshoe vortex
  16. GAPS OF STUDY Although the use of spur dikes is extensive, no definitive hydraulic design criteria have been developed. Design continues to be based primarily on experience and judgment within specific geographical areas. This is primarily due to the wide range of variables affecting the performance of the spur dikes and the varying importance of these variables with specific applications. Parameters affecting spur dike design include- width, depth, velocity, and sinuosity of the channel size and transportation rate of the bed material cohesiveness of the Bank and length, width, crest profile, orientation angle, and spacing of the spur dikes.
  17. CONCLUSIONS:- Using submerged groins is an efficient way to control the sediment and beach erosion without causing severe environmental effect on the coast. With the increasing of the depth of scour pit, the flow velocity decreases, submerged flow and horseshoe vortex strength decreased until water flow velocity reduced to cannot take away the sediment. It is also observed that for submerged conditions the flow becomes complex and locally dominated by three- dimensional effects, which will make it difficult to predict by applying depth average numerical models or by three-dimensional models with a coarse resolution in the vertical direction Spur dikes with 1350angles showed the best potential for providing improved aquatic habitats while minimizing the potential for erosion of the channel
  18. REFERENCES Kadota & K. Suzuki, w.s.j. Uijttewaal. the shallow flow around a single groyne Under submerged and emerged conditions Ali hooshmand aini numerical method for estimating flow pattern around straight bell Mouth spur dike with computational fluid dynamic issn 2251-838x / vol, 8 (3): 306310(2014) Guodong li Ian Lasng jian ning 2013 3d numerical simulation of flow and local scour H. afsoos biriaa, M.A lashteh neshaeib, A. Ghabraeib, M..A. mehrdadb investigation of Sediment transport pattern and beach morphology in the vicinity of submerged groins (Case study: dahane sar sefidrood) doilO.1007/s11709-014-0275-5 Hongkoo yeo joongu kang 2008 flow analysis around a submerged groyne . Hossein basser, Shahaboddin shamshirband , Hojat karami, Dalibor petkovié, Shatirah akib 2014 adaptive neuro-fuzzy selection of the optimal parameters of protective spur dike i. Divsalar and S.H. musavi jahromi(2014)investigation of the effect of increasing the wing length of the I — shape spur dike on the scouring around in the 90 degree bend arab journel sci eng doi 10.1007/s13369-015-1604-2 IAHR world congress J. yazdi a, H. sarkardeh b, H. md. azamathulla c & Aminuddin ab. ghani international journal of river basin management 3d simulation of flow around a single spur dike with Free-surface flow a water research institute (wri) , tehran (2010) M. vaghefi , A. ahmadi , b. faraji.2015 the effect of support structure on flow patterns saround t-shape spur dike in 900 bend channel .
  19. M vaghefi, M. shakerdargah, M. akbari.(2014) numerical study on the effect of ratio Among various of submersion on three dimensional velocity components around t-Shaped spur dike located in a 90 degree bend Majid Fazli, Masoud Ghodsian, and Seyed ali akbar salehi neyshabouri scour And flow field around a spur dike in a 900 bend international journal of sediment research 23 (2008) 56-68. Masoud Ghodsian and Mohammad Vaghefi experimental study on scour and flow Field in a scour hole around a t-shape spur dike in a 900 bend (2009) international journal Of sediment research 24 145-158. Mohamed F. M. Yossefand Huib J. de VriendFlow Details near River Groynes Experimental .0000326 Mojtaba Mehraein*, Seyyed Amin Najibi** and Masoud Ghodsian .location effect on near Bed flow structure around a straight spur dike 2014 Pierluigi Aminti, Chiara Cammelll, Luigi e. Cipriani and Enzo - pranzine (2003). Evaluating the effectiveness of a submerged groin as soft shore protection.
  20. Rrajaratnam, n. , and Nwachukwu, b.(1983). "Flow near groyne-dike structures." j. hydr. div., 463-480 Roger a. Kuhnle, Carlos v. Alonso, and f. Douglas shields jr. Dec 2002 local scour Associated with angled spur dikes journal of hydraulic engineering Ronald R. Copeland hydraulics laboratory 1983 bank protection techniques Using spur dikes S. Giri , Y. Shimizu, B. Surajate flow measurement and instrumentation 2004 laboratory Measurement and numerical simulation of flow and turbulence in a meandering- like flume With spur 15 (2004) 301—309. Shoji Fukuoka. et al (1998). "Design method of submerged groins", journal of hydraulic Engineering, jsce, no.593/_-43, pp. 51-68 Tran Ngoc Anh, Shinichiro Onda, Nguyen Duc Hanh* and Nguyen Thanh Son(2013).3d Simulation of flows around hydraulic structures Wim S. J. Uijttewaal 2005 effects of groyne layout on the flow in groyne fields Laboratory exp
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