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Condenser Performence

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Published in: Physics
4,576 Views

condenser is important part as far as powerplant is considered ,so its study is very important.

Neeraj S / Bhopal

4 years of teaching experience

Qualification: B.tech in Mechanical

Teaches: Physics, Chemistry, English, Mathematics, Mechanical

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  1. Nee raj
  2. This report is intent to guide engineer, operator, or technician to diagnose poor condenser vacuum in thermal power plant. A slightly increase condenser pressure result in a huge loss due to increasing plant heat rate. This guidance can be help involving person to fast and accurately analyze the root causes of the losses
  3. Shell and tube heat exchanger Connect to steam turbine exhaust To convert low energy exhaust steam to water to reuse in power boiler Operating below atmospheric pressure Use cooling water to extract heat from low energy exhaust steam Water outlet Flanged Tuhesheet cover plate VVater inlet To ejector Steam vacuum system Flanges t. Tubesheat Condensate
  4. 'MPONTANVOEPONPENSENPBFSSUBE—— More vacuum pressure more useful energy converted More useful energy converted, less raw energy is need Lowering condenser pressure more energ converted in steam turbine s
  5. INLET COOLING WATER TEMP. -0.82 -0.825 -0.835 -0.84 -0.845 -0.85 -0.855 -0.86 -0.865 -0.87 -0.875 -0.88 w -0.885 -0.89 -0.895 -0.9 z -0.905 -0.91 -0.915 -0.92 -0.925 -0.93 -0.935 -0.94 -0.945 -0.95 -0.955 — Q -Is your current operating pressure is good? -How you know? : A :You have to compare with expected design pressure at each load and specific cooling water temperature Example, Steam load 72 T/H : Cooling water inlet temperature 32 C Current operating pressure -0.86 barg : Design operating pressure -0.88 barg Current operating Steam load 72 68.4 64.8 61.2 54 46.8 43.2 39.6 —36
  6. poouaqvygyq, Less cooling water flow rate Fouling on tube Incondensable gas in condenser shell Over heat duty How do we know what the cause is ?
  7. TI = exhaust steam temperature condensate re Tl = cooling water inlet temperature T 2 = cooling water outlet temperature Tl - T 2 = terminal temperature different (TTD) T2-T1 = temperature rise (TR) TO - Tl = sub-cooling temperature (TS) O(HAIJST STEAM TO CONDENSATE
  8. When the cooling flow reduce TR is increased because of less cooling flow rate have to absorb the same amount of heating load from exhaust steam. The TR increase force the steam temperature to condenser increase hence condenser pressure increase too. While the other parameter is less significantly change. IFigure 2 shows the effect of reducing cooling flow rate by comparing with condenser pressure and dimensionless of temperature change for both T TD and TR. Effect of Cooling Water Flow Rate on Condenser Performance 0.8 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.2 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 Cooling Water Flow Fraction —e— Terninal Temperature Dfference Fixed ON Term. Rse 0.125 0.12 0.115 0.11 0.105 0.1 0.095 0.8 Condenser Ressure
  9. FOIJp-ltyq-PN—TVPE When fouling start cover tube surface mean heat transfer coefficient reduce. Low heat transfer coefficient result in higher steam temperature due to it can not transfer its energy to cooling water hence pressure is rise regarding to temperature. Figure 3 shows the effect of fouling represent by cleanliness factor on the condenser performance. The result express the only T TD is significantly changed. Effect of Cleanliness Factor on Condenser Performance 1.6 2 e 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.85 0.75 Cleanliness Factor 0.7 fixed CW Tenp- Tenperature Dfference 04125 0.12 0.115 0.11 0.105 0.095 0.65 Condenser Ressure (Bara)
  10. This problem can be monitored by two items. Except total dissolve oxygen in condensate water, another parameter is a positive of sub cooling 'temperature (TS) which should be zero in normal operation. The pressure in condenser consist oftwo partial pressure one is steam pressure and another is incondensable gas pressure which can be written is Pc = Ps+Pg As the condenser pressure is high due to accumulation of incondensable gas. Its increasing drives the condenser temperature up along with its saturation line. But in hot well the condensation of steam condenses at partial pressure of steam so the temperature of condensate at hot well is lower than exhaust temperature. This is why the sub cooling temperature appears.
  11. Cause of low condenser vacuum Low cooling flow rate Fouling Incondensable gas Over heat duty TTD TS

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