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Element Classes

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Published in: Chemistry
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This PowerPoint presentation provides an insightful exploration of the classification of elements in the periodic table. It begins with an introduction to the three primary classes of elements: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, highlighting the unique physical and chemical properties that distinguish these categories. In conclusion, the classification of elements is shown as a critical organizational tool that helps chemists understand the vast diversity of elements and their applications in science, industry, and technology.

Mudasir A / Jammu

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Qualification: Masters

Teaches: Chemistry, All Subjects, Mathematics, Physics, Science

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  1. ELEMENT-CLASSES
  2. CA Standards Students know how to use the periodic table to identify alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, metals, semimetals (metalloids), nonmetals, halogens and noble gases.
  3. 1 la:r94 21 2 6941 10 Lithium Na 11 3 ß769 4 9012182 16 24 Beryllium Mg 12 24 an 12 3 Legend Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals Metals Metaloides Nonmetals Halogenes Noble IllA IVA VIA VIA Lanthanides and actinides AB Si14 P15 516 C117 Art8 28cr,5 TL973762 32035 35.463 39948 1 s 3 18 21 5t 18 30 1- 111B IVB VB VIB VilB Fr87 104 Db 105 Bh107 Rgtll Uub112 7 2230197 most 2270278 3111 3211 26312 s212 &1378 239 m m 07 1• 0.9 Franc— Actinium Lanthanides Actinides øabargum Wier" *lassiu• heitneriun Roenteeüm Ununbin Onu•t'ium np•nnurn Unwhoium montium iu Neodymium Th 90 Pa91 1192 2Qa381 231 238 CQ&I 13 Promethium NP 93 237082 fanarium Europium Ga&ånium Pu 94 Am95 Cm 96 244S42 24.3.c614 247 1.3 3+ Bk 97 247 0703 18 Cf98 1.3 Es 99 25203 13 Eltitm 2571&51 Fermium Thulium Itteti•m Md 101 No 102 Lr 103 2±01
  4. 6941 1.0 1+ Lithium Na 11 0.9 1+ Sodium K 19 39 CEO Potasium 0.8 •1+ Rubidium Cs 55 132E0545 0.7 1+ Cesium Fr87 23.0197 0.7 1+ Francium Alkali Metals •e All alkali metals have 1 valence electron Alkali metals are NEVER found pure in nature; they are too reactive Reactivity of these elements increases down the group Potassium K reacts with water and must be stored in kerosene
  5. Alkaline Earth Metals • All alkaline earth metals have 2 valence electrons • Alkaline earth metals are less reactive than alkali metals • Alkaline earth metals are not found pure in nature; they are too reactive • The word "alkaline" means "basic" — common bases include salts of the metals Be 4 9.012182 1.5 2+ Beryllium Mg 12 242050 1.2 2+ Magnesium Ca20 40078 1.0 2+ Calcium Sr 38 8762 1.0 2+ Strontium Ba 56 137327 0.9 2+ Barium 260254 0.9 2+ Radium
  6. Properties of Metals Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity Metals are malleable Metals are ductile Metals have high tensile strength Metals have luster
  7. Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Transition Metals Rf104 Db 105 Sg106 Bh107 Hs108 Mt 109 m 110 Rglll Uub112 261.11 26211 26312 26212 264 261378 269 thedordiu Oub'ium Seaborgiun Bohrium Has51um Heitneriwm armsndtiJ Roentgenium J nunbium Copper. Cu. is a relatively soft metal, and a very good electrical conductor. Mercury. Hg, is the only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature
  8. Properties of Metalloids 10.811 2.0 3+ They have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Metalloids are more brittle than metals, less brittle than most nonmetallic solids Metalloids are semiconductors of electricity Some metalloids possess metallic luster Boron Si 14 280855 1.8 Silicon Ge 32 7264 1.6 4+ Germanium As 33 492160 3- Arsenic $b51 Te52 121.70 127.60 3* 21 4+ 3- Antimony Tellurium PO 84 0.9824 2.0 2+ Polonium
  9. Silicon, Si - A Metalloid Silicon has metallic luster Silicon is brittle like a nonmetal C) Silicon is a semiconductor of electricity Other metalloids include: Boron, B Germanium, Ge Arsenic, As Antimony, Sb Tellurium, Te .inteL pentium'
  10. Nonmetals Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals tend to be brittle Many nonmetals are gases at room 08 120107 14.0067 159994 .5 4+,4- .0 3+,3- 35 2 Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen P 15 S 16 30.973762 2.1 5+ 1.8 4+ Phosphorus Sulfur 34 7896 2.4 Selenium Carbon, the graphite in "pencil lead" is a great example of a nonmetallic element.
  11. Examples Sulfur S. was once known as "brimstone" of Nonmetals Microspheres of phosphorus. P. a reactive nonmetal Graphite is not the only pure form of carbon C. Diamond is also carbon; the color comes from impurities caught within the crystal structure
  12. Halogens Halogens all have 7 valence electrons Halogens are never found pure in nature; they are too reactive Cl Halogens in their pure form are diatomic molecules (F2, C12, Bro and 12) Chlorine is a yellow-green poisonous gas 9 899403 Fluorine C117 35453 3.0 1- Chlorine Br 35 79_soa Bromine 153 260447 Iodine At 85 209.9871 Astatine
  13. Noble Gases O Noble gases have 8 valence electrons (except helium, which has only 2) O Noble gases are ONLY found pure in nature - they are chemically unreactive O Colorless, odorless and unreactive; they were among the last of the natural elements to be discovered 410202 Helium e 10 201797 Neon Ar 18 39948 Argon Kr 36 83798 Xe54 131233 Xenon Rn 86 220176 Radon Liuo 118 llnunoctilm

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