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Nuclear Chemistry

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Published in: Chemistry
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This PowerPoint presentation provides an in-depth look into the field of nuclear chemistry, which studies the chemical and physical changes that occur in atomic nuclei. The presentation begins by introducing the concept of the nucleus and the forces that hold it together, focusing on protons, neutrons, and the strong nuclear force. This presentation concludes with the importance of nuclear chemistry in modern science, its contributions to technology, and its future potential in energy and medical applications.

Mudasir A / Jammu

5 years of teaching experience

Qualification: Masters

Teaches: Chemistry, All Subjects, Mathematics, Physics, Science

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  1. Nuclear Chemistry Bravo - 15.000 kilotons
  2. CA Standards Students know the three most common forms of radioactive decay (alpha, beta, and gamma) and know how the nucleus changes in each type of deca Students know alpha, beta, and gamma radiation produce different amounts and kinds of damage in matter and have different enetrations. Students know some naturally occurring isotopes of elements are radioactive, as are isoto es formed in nuclear reactions.
  3. Nuclear Symbols Mass number 92 Atomic number (number of p* ) Element symbol
  4. Types of Radioactive Decay *alpha production (a, He): helium nucleus 238 U -k 23940Th 92 •:•beta production (ß, e): 23940Th 23941 pa + 01 e gamma ray production (y): 238 U 24He+ 23940Th+207 92
  5. 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 decay (5=1.52) — =1.49) decay Ag -1.28) Positron emission and/or electron capture Nuclear Stability Decay will occur in such a way as to return a nucleus to the band (line) of stability. 10 Fe =1.15) 10 Ne 20 30 40 50 Protons (Z) 60 70 80 90
  6. Alpha Radiation Alpha decay is limited to VERY large, nuclei such as those in heavy metals.
  7. Beta Radiation Beta decay converts a neutron into a proton. electron ß- neutron proton
  8. S mbol Mass How it changes the nucleus Penetration Protection rovided b Dan er Alpha Particle Emission LOW Low Beta Particle Emission mealurn Medium Gamma Ray Emission ruqn Hi h
  9. CA Standards Students know protons and neutrons in the nucleus are held together by nuclear forces that overcome the electromagnetic repulsion between the protons. Students know the energy release per gram of material is much larger in nuclear fusion or fission reactions than in chemical reactions. The change in mass (calculated by E = mc2) is small but significant in nuclear reactions.
  10. Fission - Splitting a Fission heavy nucleus into two nuclei with smaller mass numbers. 238U 35U
  11. Deuterium - Tritium Fusion Reaction 4He + 3.5 MeV n + 14.1 MeV Fusion - Combining two light nuclei to form a heavier, more stable nucleus.
  12. Energy and Mass Nuclear changes occur with small but measurable losses of mass. The lost mass is called the mass defect. and is converted to energy according to Einstein's equation: AE = Amc2 Am = mass defect AE = change in energy speed of light c c2 is so large, even small amounts o Because mass are converted to enormous amount of
  13. ENERGY RELEASE REACTION FUEL MPERATU ENERGY CHEMICAL C+O -C02 700% 3.3'(107 FISSION N+U235 = Ba143+Kr91+2n I-J02 U-235 + 2.1 FUSION 2H + 3H = 4He+n Deuterium + Tritium 100,000.0000K 3.4
  14. A Confinement Fission Reactor Steam shell Reactor core Control rods Heat exchanger Steam turbine Steam Pump Pump Electric generator Condenser Cooling water ——Warm wate River, lake or ocean Cool wat

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