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Bionic Eye

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Published in: Electronics | Robotics
20,312 Views

Bionic eye is an artificial eye made by humans

Jyothirmay / Hyderabad

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Qualification: Pursuing b.tech

Teaches: All Subjects, History, Mathematics, Bollywood

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  1. Ceaåap OR BIONIC EYE Prepared Jyothirmay(15-427) Mounika(15-405) Karthik(15-432) Praveen(15-421) Ravali(15-409) (dave 06.' KG RCET ECE DEPT
  2. CONTENTS: How human eye works? Diseases related to eye What is Artificial Silicon Retina? Working of ASR What is Bionic Eye & Components used in it? Working of Bionic Eye Advantages & Disadvantages Conclusion
  3. Working of human eye: The eye is one of the most important organ in our body.Before we learn about ASR, it is important to know about natural retina. The light sensitive cells of the gets activated with incidence of light and generate electric signals. These electric signals are sent to the brain by optic nerves and the brain interprets the electric signals in such a way that we see an image. Sclera Ciliary Body Suspensary Ligament Cornea Pupil Aqueous Humor Lens Vitreous Humor Choroid Retina Blind Spot Fovea / Yellow Spot (center of visual field) 'N Optic Nerve Central Artery and vein of the retina
  4. Diseases related to eye: There are mainly two kinds of diseases related to eye: Retinitis Pigmentosa Macular Degeneration
  5. Retinitis Pigmentosa It is a Hereditary Genetic Disease Gradually progesses towards centre of the eye Spares the foveal region Ex:Night Blindness(nyctalopia), Photophobia etc. Normal Vesion Retinitis Pigrnentosa
  6. Macular Degeneration Genetically related Cones in Macula region degenerate Loss of central vision common among old people Ex:B1urred Vision,Low Visuality etc. Norrnaj Vasion Age-related Degeneration
  7. What is ASR? A visual prosthesis, is an experimental visual device intended to restore functional vision in those suffering from partial or total blindness. In 1983 Joao Lobo Antunes,a world renowned potuguese doctor, implanted a bionic eye in a person born blind. The brothers Alan Chow & Vincent Chow have developed a microchip containing 3500 photo diodes, which detect light and convert it into electrical impulses which is called as ASR.
  8. Working of ASR: The ASR microchip is a 2mm diameter silicon chip which contains 5,000 microscopic solar cells called "Microphotodiodes" , It detects light & convert it into electrical impulses, which stimulate healthy retinal ganglion cells and these cells are sent to Brain by optic nerve. Artificial Silicon Retina sclera optic nerve Silicon Retina in outer retina \inner vitreous iris visual axis optic axis cornea Subretinal Space Source: Optobionics Corp.
  9. Below images shows which type of images are seen to a blind person using a ASR Technology: Normal vision: Anticipated vision:
  10. BIONIC EYE
  11. History of Bionic Eye: Dr.Mark Humayun, Dr.Eugene Dejuan along with few more scientists demonstrated that a visually impaired person could be made to see light by stimulating the optic nerves behind the retina with electrical impulses .This test proved that the nerves behind retina sill functioned even when the retina had degenerated. Based on this scientists set out to create a device that could translate images to electrical pulses that could restore vision. The main target of the research was: Small enough to be implanted in the eye. Supplied with a continous source of power. Bio-compatible with eye tissues and its surroundings.
  12. Components required for BIONIC EYE Digital camera 'aeo- prcr,essing unit Componont Radio transmitter Radio receiver Retinal implant
  13. Working of BIONIC EYE: The camera mounted on a pair of eyeglasses, captures the scene in front of the wearer and sends to VPU on the patient's belt. The processor translates the image into a series of signals that the brain can understand. Now the RF transmitter sends the signal to the RF receiver which is near the eye implant wirelessly. Receiver attains the transmitted signal and demodulation is done which is sent to the microelectrode strip. These electrodes converts it into electrical pulses and provide it to the optic nerve.
  14. Advantages: It identifies the location or movement of objects and people. Helps in other activities of daily life, such as detecting street curbs and walking on a sidewalk without stepping off. Upgradable external hardware & software to benefit from future innovations. Disadvantages: Repairing is difficult if any of the devices got damaged. Those who lost their visions due to other reasons could not use this device. It may not work for people blinded as children or as infants. The cost of the device is too high as $70,000.
  15. Conclusion : Revolutionary piece of Technology. It is the first useful artificial eye is now helping a blind man walk safely around and read large letters. Good news for the patients who ever suffering from Macular Degeneration & Retinitis Pigmentosa. Hope in INDIA also we will acquire this technology soon
  16. CAN YOU THINK BLIND PEOPLE CAN ALSO SEE THIS WORLD? YES.... e!
  17. References: Wikipedia Google.com Encyclopedia Optobionics.com

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