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IGCSE Extened Wave

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Published in: Physics
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This is the board work for a class on waves topic for IGCSE Extened

Satyawan / Gurgaon

9 years of teaching experience

Qualification: B.Tech

Teaches: Physics, IIT JEE Advanced, IIT JEE Mains, CUET Exam

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  2. Transverse wave is a wave in which the particles of the medium oscillate perpendicular to the direction of wave velocity. Examples are water wave, wave on string, and electromagnetic waves. klaoe_Qm.9'tL Cu TAD pa*'cLa u.c.fl.a u2DQ4b 0 0 0 øøø
  3. pud 06 u.1/J S60bY 12.60 Light travels at a speed of 2.0 x 108 m/s in a glass block. In the glass, the wavelength of the light is 4.0 x 10-7m. What is the frequency of the light? A B c D 2.0 x 10-15Hz 1.3 x 10-2Hz 80 Hz 5.0 x 1014Hz
  4. Incident Reflected — Sa.wo Diffraction beta-au L9Lh A-18.4.A edge The waves bend round the sides of an obstacle, or spread out as they pass through a gap. The effect is called diffraction. Diffraction is onl significant if the size of the gap is about the same as the wavelength. Wider gaps produce ess ction.
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  6. 1<1402') cho-sounding* Ships use ec 0-sounders to measure the depth of water beneath them. An echo-sounder se p seso ultrasound downwards towards the sea-bed, then measures t time taken for each echo (reflected sou nd) to return. The longer the time, the deeper the water. For example: If a pulse of uluasound takes 0.1 second to travel to the sea-bed and return, and the speed of sound in water is 1400 m/s: distance travelled x time 1400 x 0.1 s — — 140m But the ultrasound has to travel down and back: So: depth of water = 1/2 x 140 m = 70 m Most echo-sounders wan the area beneath them — they sweep their ultrasound beam backwards and forwards and from side to side. A computer displays the depth information as a picture on a screen. ultrasound This bat ultrasound to locate insects and other objects in front of it. It sends Out a series Of ultrasound pulses and uses its special* shap«i ears to pick up the reflections. The process called echo-location It works like echo-sounding
  7. Metal testing* The echo-sounding principle can be used to detect flaws in metals. A pulse of ultrasound is sent through the metal as on the right. If there is a flaw (tiny gap) in the metal, two reflected pulses are' picked up by the detector. The pulse reflected from the flaw returns first, followed by the pulse reflected from the far end of the metal. The pulses can be displayed using an oscilloscope. The trace on the screen is a graph showing how the amplitude ('strength') Of the ultrasound varies with time. Scanning the womb* The pregnant mother in the photograph is having her womb scanned by ulttasound. Again, the echo-sounding principle is being used. A transmitter sends pulses of ultrasound into the mothet& Ix»dy. The transmitter also acts as a detector pulse sent Out ultrasound tra detector pulse reflected from flaw pulse reflected from end up pu t e and different la rs inside the body. oscilloscope flaw The signals ate processed by a computer, which puts an image on the screen. Using ultrasound is mu safer than using X-rays because X-rays can cause cell damage inside a growing baby. Also, ultrasound can distinguish between different layers Of soft tissue, which an ordinary X-ray machine cannot, An ultrasound scan of womb. The nurse is moving an ultrasound transmitter/detector over the mothert body A computer uses the reflected pulses to produce an image.
  8. (a) One difference between a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave is that a longitudinal wave consists of compressions and rarefactions. (ii) Explain the terms compression and rarefaction using ideas about particles. compression rarefaction Describe one Other way in which longitudinal wave motion differs from transverse wave motion. Longitudinal wave motion Transverse wave motion A sound wave Of frequency 0.120 kHz travels through a rock at a speed Of 3500m is. Calculate the wavelength of the wave. wavelength — The wave travels from the rock into the air. State and explain whether the wave will be audible to a healthy human ear. statement explanation .
  9. Sound from a loudspeaker is travelling in air towards a solid wall. Fig. 7.1 shows compressions Of the incident sound wave and the direction Of travel Of the wave. 8.5m wall direction of tra compressions Fig. 7.1 (a) State what is meant by a compression. (b) The distance from point P to point Q is 8.5m. It takes 25ms for the cornpression at P to reach Q. For this sound wave, determine (i) the wavelength, (ii) the frequency. (c) As it strikes the wall, the sound reflects. Complete Fig. 7.1 to show the positions of three compressions of the reflected sound wave. (d) The loudspeaker is irnmersed in water, where it continues to produce sound Of the same frequency. State and explain how the wavelength of the sound wave in water compares with the wavelength determined in (b)(i).

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