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Notes On The Nuclear Reactor

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Published in: Physics
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The students will learn the Principle and Working of Nuclear Reactor by this Notes.

Fatima J / Hyderabad

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  1. Explain the principle and working of a nuclear reactor with the help of a labelled diagram. Ans: NUCLEAR REACTOR: Principle: it works on the principle of controlled chain reaction. Construction: the essential parts of a nuclear reactor are explained below Core: 1. 2. Fuel: 1. This is the site where the nuclear fission takes place It contains fuel and moderator. The fuel such as 035, U233 is taken in the form of rods and sealed in aluminium cylinders and placed in reactor core. Control rods - these absorb neutrons Containment Building Moderator - to slow the neutrons Uranium fuel rods Steel reactor vessel Steam - to drive turbines 'Cold' water from turbines Moderator: 1. It converts fission neutrons into thermal neutrons by slowing down their speed. 2. They are plced in between the fuel cylinders. 3. Ex: heavy water and graphite Control rods: 1. They are used to control the fission rate in the reactor 2. Ex: Cadmium and Boron rods Shielding: 1. The reactor is provided with a suitable shielding made of steel, lead and concrete to absorb and reduce the intensity of radiation emitted along with neutrons. Coolant: 1. The heat generated is removed using a suitable coolant 2. Ex: water, molten sodium Working: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. When U235 undergo fission, fast moving neutrons are liberated which are converted into thermal neutrons using moderators. Thermal neutrons are used to carry out further chain reactions. Control rods control the fission events. The heat generated is used for heating water and produce steam. This steam is made to rotate turbines and generate electricity.

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