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Answer

LPF wattmeter is used to measure power in inductive circuits. Inductive circuits have the property of lagging power factor and hence these wattmeters are used. Resistive circuits have unity power factor hence UPF wattmeters are used to measure power in these circuits. In open circuit test the secondary winding of transformer is kept open.As the secondary side is open, the entire coil will be purely inductive in nature.So the power will be lagging due to inductive property of the circuit. So LPF(Low Power Factor) Wattmeter is used in OPEN CIRCUIT TEST of Transformer. In short circuit test the secondary winding of transformer is short circuited. As secondary side is short circuited the entire coil will be purely resistive in nature.So the power factor will be unity. So UPF(Unit Power Factor) Wattmeter is used in SHORT CIRCUIT TEST of Transformer.