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Option C 

Detailed steps in recombinant DNA technology

(a) Selection and isolation of DNA segment of an insert which is to be cloned

(b) Selection of suitable cloning vector, a self-replicating DNA molecule, into which the DNA insert is to be integrated. most commonly used are plasmids and bacteriophages

(c) Fragmentation of the DNA by Restriction EndonucleaseThese are the enzymes that produce internal cuts (cleavage) in the strands of DNA, only within or near some specific sites called recognition sites/recognition sequences/ restriction sites or target sites. 

(d) Then Exonuclease enzymes are used to removes nucleotides from the ends of a nucleic acid molecule.

(e) Then DNA ligase enzymes are used to join two fragments of DNA by synthesizing the phosphodiester bond

(f) Then DNA polymerases are used to synthesize a new complementary DNA strand of an existing DNA or RNA template

(g) The recombined DNA molecule is introduced into a suitable host. This process of entry of rec DNA into the host cell is called transformation

(h) Selection of transformed host cells (or recombinant cells) are those host cells which have taken up the recDNA molecule. In this step, the transformed cells are separated from the non-transformed cells by using various methods making use of marker genes

(i) Expression and Multiplication of DNA insert in the host is to be ensured that the foreign DNA inserted into the vector DNA is expressing the desired character in the host cells.

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