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Answer

Computers understand the number 0 and 1 called bits. The information that we fetch to a computer has different data like alphabets, numbers, special symbols (%, $, #, & etc)

All these varied type of data needs to be converted to bit format (series of 0 and 1)

To attain the bit format, firstly, each of the alphabet, numbers, special symbols etc fetched to the computer is coded to a unique number using a Numbering System.

(eg alphabet ‘A’ is numbered as 39 ,symbol ‘&’ can be numbered as 202,number 1 as 55 and so on).

This system of converting the data of symbols, alphabets, and numbers into a coded unique number is called as Number System.

These coded numbers are then converted to bit format of 0 and 1.(Taking the above example:

‘A’ = 39 = 0010 0111, symbol ‘&’ = 202= 1100 1010, number 1 = 55 = 0011 0111 .This is the basics to make you understand)

 In our daily counting system we use numbers 0 to 9 called as Decimal Number system in Computer language there are other Numbering systems as

• Decimal System - The decimal system provides 10 symbols to represent all numbers. The numbers are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 .Since it has 10 symbols, we say it has Base of 10
• Binary Number System – everything is counted in combination of 0 and 1.Base is 2

            Decimal number 0 = 0000 in Binary

           Decimal number 1 = 0001 in Binary

           Decimal number 2 = 0010 in Binary   And so on.

• Octal Number System – The Octal Number System is made of Decimal Number 0 to 7 only.

            So, the numbers are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 .Base is 8.

• Hexadecimal System - The hexadecimal system is made up of 16 symbols. It uses numbers 0 to 9 and then A to F. So the numbers used are as 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F. Its Base is 16

Understanding Binary Number System:

Binary means 2 states, 0 and 1 or Current ON and Current OFF as it is an electronic device Thus, every kind of data will finally be converted to a series of 0 and 1.

Conversion : To convert a number to binary format is to divide the number by 2 and write down the remainders. This sequence of remainders is the binary number read in down to up manner

Let’s consider a number 19 and convert to Binary.

   19 / 2   = 9  rem = 1

    9 / 2   = 4  rem = 1                                 

   4 / 2   = 2  rem = 0                                                         Binary of Number 19 = 1 0011

   2 / 2   = 1  rem = 0                                           Similarly Binary of 94 = 101 1110 (try yourself)

   1 / 2   = 0  rem = 1

                  (read the remainders from below)

Answer

Number system or numeral system is the system for naming or counting or representing numbers.

Types of number system

1.Decimal  2. Binary  3.Octal 4.Hexadecimal

Binary number system- base value 2.Each successive digit represents a power of 2

Two values in binary 0 and 1, 0 indicates false and 1 is true.

For example, 10011 represents (1 X 24) + (0 X 23) + (0 X 22) + (1 X 21) + (1 X 20), or 16 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1 or 19.

binary value for 10-1010        12-1100