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Answer

Android is a open source operating system based on Linux Kernel.It is designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers.It was initially developed by Android Inc. and later on it was purchased by Google on 17th Aug,2005 in conjunction with the Open Handset Alliance(a group of 84 hardware, software and telecommunication companies like HTC, Intel etc.) .It was officially unveiled in 2007. Fast application development in Java.

Answer

Operating Systems have developed a lot in last 15 years. Starting from black and white phones to recent smart phones or mini computers, mobile OS has come far away. Especially for smart phones, Mobile OS has greatly evolved from Palm OS in 1996 to Windows pocket PC in 2000 then to Blackberry OS and Android.

One of the most widely used mobile OS these days is ANDROID. Android is a software bunch comprising not only operating system but also middleware and key applications. Android Inc was founded in Palo Alto of California, U.S. by Andy Rubin, Rich miner, Nick sears and Chris White in 2003. Later Android Inc. was acquired by Google in 2005. After original release there have been number of updates in the original version of Android.

Answer

Android Application Development is a branch of mobile Application development which enables developers to create the Application for Android supported devices i.e Smartphones , Android TV , Android Gear etc.

For Android Application Development you can start with basic oops and core java concept and then you are ready to learn development by using Android Studio.

Answer

Android is a powerful Operating System supporting a large number of applications in Smart Phones. 

It is a stack of software components which is arranged in five sections –

These five sections are in four layers

Layer 1:     section1 - Applications

Layer 2:     section2 - Application Framework

Layer 3:     section3 - Android Runtime

Section4 - Libraries

Layer 4:     section5 - Linux kernel

Android application softwares is at the top layer – applications like Browsers, Gallery, Photoviewer, Watsapp, Calculator, Clock etc.

Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services like

• ·         View System(eg:set of views to create application user interfaces.),
• ·         Content Providers(eg:share data between applications),
• ·         Resource Manager(eg: color settings and user interface layouts),
• ·         Activity Manager(eg:aspects of the application lifecycle)
• ·         Notifications Manager(eg:display alerts) to applications.

Android Runtime  have

• ·         set of core libraries which enable  application developers to write  Android applications using standard Java programming language.
• ·         A kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android named as Dalvik Virtual Machine.

The key component Dalvik VM makes use of Linux core features like memory management and multi-threading, which is intrinsic in the Java language. The Dalvik VM enables every Android application to run in its own process, with its wn instance of the Dalvik virtual machine.

Libraries  includes

• ·         WebKit :- open-source Web browser engine,
• ·         libc :-  standard C library,
• ·         SQLite database :-useful repository for storage and sharing of application data,
• ·         libraries to play and record audio and video,
• ·         SSL:- for Internet security 

Besides a set of Java-based other android libraries for user interface building, graphics drawing and database access like android.app, android.content, android.os, android.opengl, android.database,  android.view, android.text, android.webkit, android.widget etc.

Linux kernel

provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and it contains all the essential hardware drivers like camera, keypad, display etc.

Also, the kernel handles networking and have device drivers for  interfacing peripheral hardwares.