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Poverty

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Published in: Economics
78,139 Views

Concept, meaning, definition

Rohit G / Indore

5 years of teaching experience

Qualification: MBA/PGDM (WBUT - 2015)

Teaches: Accountancy, Commerce Subjects, Economics, Mathematics, Bank Clerical, IBPS, SBI Exam, SSC Exams, BBA Entrance, BBA Subjects, Management Subjects

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  1. Poverty Concepts, Meaning and defi nition
  2. COVERAGE Introduction Definition Types of poverty Absolute vs. relative poverty Poverty lines and poverty measurement Poverty threshold Causes of poverty Poverty ratio in India Overlook towards poverty Concludinq remarks
  3. INTRODUCTION POVERTY: VIOLATION OF HUMAN DIGNITY Poverty is scarcity, dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. It includes low incomes and the inability t o acquire the basic goods and services necessary f or survival with dignity.
  4. What is Poverty? Poverty has various dimensions Income poverty Security poverty Education poverty Health — Nutrition Poverty Multiple deprivation poor people's perception Of poverty level Poverty is "welfare level below a reasonabl e minimum.'
  5. What do we mean by "Poverty"? The primary focus is on individuals or groups suffering from multiple deprivations Education poor Health Poor Security Poop. Income•Poo
  6. Types of poverty Absolute poverty Relative poverty
  7. Poverty : Absolute vs. Relative Absolute poverty refers to a threshold income (c onsumption) level defined in absolute terms. Per sons below a pre-defined threshold income are called poor. Relative poverty defined in relative terms with ref erence to level of living of another person; or, in relation to an income distribution parameter.
  8. Poverty Lines and Poverty Me asurement Two Issues in Generating Poverty Estim ates Fixing a poverty line: Identification Measuring poverty: Aggregation
  9. Poverty Threshold The poverty threshold or poverty line is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. Determining the poverty line is usually done by finding the total cost of all the essential resourc es that an average human adult consumes in o year.
  10. Causes of Poverty Rapidly Rising Population: The population during the last 45 years has increased at t he rate of 2.2% per annum. On average 17 million people are added every year to its population which raises the de mand for consumption goods. >Low Productivity in Agriculture: The level of productivity in agriculture is low due to sub divided and fragmented holdings, lack of capital, use of t raditional methods of cultivation, illiteracy etc. This is th e main cause of poverty in the country.
  11. >Under Utilized Resources: The existence of under employment and disguised unemp loyment of human resources and under utilization of reso urces has resulted in low production in agricultural sector. This brought a down fall in their standard of living. >Low Rate of Economic Development: The rate of economic development in India has been belo w the required level. Therefore, there persists a gap betwe en level of availability and requirements of goods and ser vices. The net result is poverty.
  12. >Price Rise: The continuous and steep price rise has added to the miseri es of poor. It has benefited a few people in the society and t he persons in lower income group find it difficult to get the ir minimum needs. > Unemployment: The continuously expanding army of unemployed is anothe r cause of poverty. The job seeker is increasing in number a t a higher rate than the expansion in employment opportuni ties.
  13. > Shortage of Capital and Able Entrepreneurship: Capital and able entrepreneurship have important role in ac celerating the growth. But these are in short supply making it difficult to increase production significantly. > Social Factors: The social set up is still backward and is not conducive to f aster development. Laws of inheritance, caste system, tradi tions and customs are putting hindrances in the way of fast er development.
  14. >Political Factors: The Britishers started lopsided development in India and reduced Indian economy to a colonial state. They exploit ed the natural resources to suit their interests and weaken the industrial base of Indian economy. In independent India, the development plans have been g uided by political interests. Hence, the planning a failure to tackle the problems of poverty and unemployment.
  15. Poverty ratio in India Percentage and Number of Poor Estimated by Tendulkar method, using Mixed Reference Period (MRP) Poverty Ratio (%) Number of Poor (million) Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total 1993-94 2004- 12 2011- so.l 41.8 2S.7 0.75 31.8 2S.7 13.7 o.ss 45.3 37.2 21.9 0.74 328.6 326.3 216.s 74.s 80.8 52.8 403.7 407.1 269.3 Annual Average Decline: 1993-94 to 2004-OS (percentage points per annum) Annual Average Decline: 2004-OS to 2011-12 (percentage points per annum)
  16. Overlook Towards Poverty
  17. Starving children searchmg for-insec!s to eat in Sudan
  18. ChildreWiifZimbaywe=— waiting for a meal. What age group is most aff ected by famine?
  19. There are 100,000,000 childremytworktoday
  20. Yillage in Malawi — How many own?
  21. Poorest Countries in the World Rank Country GDP - per capita 1 East Timor $ 500 2 Somalia $ 500 3 Sierra Leone $ 500 4 Malawi $ 600 5 Tanzania $ 600 6 Burundi $ 600 7 Congo, Republic of the $ 700 8 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 700 9 Comoros $ 700 10 Eritrea $ 700 11 Ethiopia $ 700 12 Afghanistan $ 700 13 Niger $ 800 14 Yemen $ 800 15 Madagascar $ 800 16 Guinea-Bissau $ 800 17 Zambia $ 800 18 Kiribati $ 800 19 Nigeria $ 900 20 Mali $ 900
  22. Richest Countries in the World Rank Country GDP - per capita 1 Luxembourg $ 55,100 2 Norway $ 37,800 3 United States $ 37,800 4 San Marino $ 34,600 5 Switzerland $ 32,700 6 Denmark $ 31,100 7 Iceland $ 30,900 8 Austria $ 30,000 9 Canada $ 29,800 10 Ireland $ 29,600 11 Belgium $ 29,100 12 Australia $ 29,000 13 Netherlands $ 28,600 14 Japan $ 28,200 15 United Kingdom $ 27,700 16 France $ 27,600 17 Germany $ 27,600 18 Finland $ 27,400 19 Monaco $ 27,000 20 Sweden $ 26,800
  23. Concluding remarks Reducing poverty takes a commitment of r Improve opportunities o Invest in education from early childhood throu gh access to college Encourage work and supplement income: Further expansions of the El TC Provide the necessary work supports (child car o, e) 23
  24. N/A

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