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QUANTUM – GRAVITY

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Published in: Mechanical | Physics
1,920 Views

Introduction Periodic Table Atoms Sub – atomic Particles Types of Forces Unified Theory Experiment at LHC Grand Unified Theory String Theory or M – Theory Gravity & Space – Time Curve Theory of Everything

Anshuman P / Kolkata

3 years of teaching experience

Qualification: M.Tech (INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KHARAGPUR - 2011), B.Tech/B.E. (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DURGAPUR - 2009), M.Tech (INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MADRAS - 2012)

Teaches: Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, AIEEE, IIT JEE Advanced, IIT JEE Mains

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  1. QUANTUM -GRAVITY DEPARTMENT OF - MATERIAL SCIENCE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PRESENTED BY - ANSHUMAN PATRA FROM - 11T, MADRAS NIT, DURGAPUR 11T, KHARAGPUR
  2. Conten s o Introduction Periodic Table O Atoms O Sub — atomic Particles O Types of Forces Unified Theory LHC O Grand Unified Theory string Theory or M - Theory Gravity & Space — Time Curve Theory of Everything
  3. Quantum - Gravity includes both the Quantum physics as well as the Classical physics. It is well know as particle physics, & it deals with elementary particles. An elementary particle is the particle, which cannot be broken / divided. Scientists are trying to break the Hadrons (Hadrons are also sub - atomic particles), at the particle accelerator, situated at the border of Switzerland & France. A group of scientists are challenging that, they have get the elementary particle, but another group of scientists have different view. To proof their existence an experimental apparatus is using, known as LHC. LHC is the worlds largest particle accelerator which can accelerate a beam of neutrons with an energy of 7TeV.
  4. The-Periodicnable IA .1 1 3 2 IIA 4 It Periodic Table of the Elements IllA 5 B Na Mg 111B Iva va VIB Vila VI I 1B 11B IVA 6 c Si 32 Ge 69 Tm 101 7 N 15 P 33 70 102 No VIA O 16 s 34 71 tos Lr VilA F 17 Cl .35 2 He 10 Ar 30 19 21 24 25 pa 27 a 31 4 K ca sc Ti V cr Mn Fe co Ni cu Zn Ga as 89 tog 106 107 110 111 Lanthanide Series + Actinide Series Ha 60 02 Sg Ns Hs Mt 110 111 112 113 61 62 Pm Sm ag 94 Pa 63 Am 64 Cm 65 07 Dy Cf 67 Ho 68 100 Fm
  5. N/A
  6. t, The atom is a basic building block of molecules & molecules produces materials by bonding with other molecules. Atomic structure gives the chemical & physical properties to all the metals & materials. Properties like, Stress, Strain, Corrosion & many more. Atoms consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. Up - to 1970's, scientists also (except few) believe that, Electrons, Protons & neutrons cannot be divided further. So these are the elementary particles. Till 1990's, no one can challenge that, Electrons, Protons & Neutrons can also be further divided.
  7. u — atomi les o In 1990's, the Susskind, Kaku, Higgs & few more mathematician - physicists strongly come with their papers, journals & reviews, & prove that there are so many sub - atomic particles. Electrons are negatively charged particles and nucleus are positively, but electrons never get fall on the nucleus according to classical physics. It's because of centripetal and centrifugal forces. Electrons revolving around the nucleus in the certain orbits with very high speed. These orbits are know as Bohr's orbit. Few sub - atomic particles are; 6 types of Quarks, Higgs particles, Bosons, Gravitons, Electrons, Protons, Neutrons etc.
  8. These sub - atomic particles belongs from the families of; Hadrons Leptons Fermions These sub - atomic particles are also be divided in - to more smaller particles. To prove experimentally, scientists need a very sophisticated experimental device. So, scientists are looking for very sharp & experienced engineers
  9. Types 0 Up - to 1800 everyone thinks, there are five (5) fundamental forces exists, & those are; 0 1.) Electric force 0 2.) Magnetic force 3.) Weak (nuclear) force 4.) Strong (nuclear) force 5.) Gravitational force But in the late 1790's, a best ever known experimental scientist the "Michael Faraday" invented "Electric Engine", & it runs with Electric & Magnetic force.
  10. Cont, Michael Faraday was a lab assistant at Cambridge University, so no one cares of his invention. o In middle of 1800, "James Clerk Maxwell" who was a mathematician - physicist proved theoretically that Electric force & Magnetic force originating from the same source.
  11. Unified Theory Unified theory is the theory of unification of Electric force & Magnetic force. Today we know this as an electromagnetic force or electromagnetic field. Light is an example of electromagnetic wave or radiation. This is the unification of two fundamental forces, electric and magnetic force. Not only Light, any beam or radiation is an electromagnetic wave; it's other example's are radio waves or infrared radiations etc.
  12. arge a Ilid r Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the worlds largest and highest particle accelerator or particle smasher. o It is the costliest & most expensive laboratory of the world. It can accelerate a beam of hadrons with an energy of 7TeV. o In the LHC there is two circular tunnels through which two beams of hadrons are circulate in opposite directions. When these two beams will collide, there is very high energy will generate. Collision of two beams will produce 14TeV of energy.
  13. rand m le Unification of three (3) forces; Electromagnetic force , Weak (nuclear) force, & Strong (nuclear) force, ry is known as Grand Unified Theory (GUT). To prove GUT experimentally, scientists and engineers using LHC. Controversy; O Uncertainty Principal & Bose — Einstein Statistics
  14. String Theory String theory also known as "Quantum Gravity", which is able to explain three (3) out of four (4) forces; Electromagnetic force, Weak Nuclear force and Strong Nuclear force except Gravity. The Space - Time Curve. The Dark Matter & Black - Holes. The Anti - Matter & Parallel Universe.
  15. Cont, With comparison of strong (nuclear) force the power of , Gravitational force = 10-39 Electromagnetic force = 10-2 Weak force = 10-5 String theory states that the electrons and quarks within an atom are not "o" dimensional objects, but rather than "1" dimensional oscillating lines ("string").
  16. 1 comparison of strong of , Gravitational force = 10-39 Electromagnetic force = 10-2 Weak force = 10-5 lear)-forcethe power String theory states that the electrons and quarks within an atom are not "o" dimensional objects, but rather than "1" dimensional oscillating lines ("string").
  17. Gravity Gravitation or gravity, is a natural phenomenon by which physical bodies attract with a force proportional to their mass. There is another particle, which is known as Graviton. Experts are trying to prove that, Gravitons are responsible for the Gravitational force. The standard formula for the law of gravitation is Gravitational force = (G*ml
  18. heory v y hmg Theory of Everything (TOE) may explain all the four forces. Theoretically proposed that superstring theory (IOD) may be able to explain everything. String theory (26D)—» M-theory (IID) Superstring theory (IOD) -+ trying to 4D. Proposed size of particle in superstring theory is = 10-33 cm. But presently we have detected up to 10-16 cm.
  19. Conclusion o It could explain how elementary particles acquire properties such as mass. Verification of the existence of the elementary particle is a significant step in the search for a Grand Unified Theory, which seeks to unify three of the four known fundamental forces.
  20. References On the History of Unified Field Theories, by Hubert F. M. Goenner. Hawking, S.W. (1996). A Brief History of Time: The Updated and Expanded Edition. Buras, A.J.•, Ellis, Gaillard, M.I
  21. THANK YOU

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