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Material Science For Engineering III

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Published in: Mechanical
2,516 Views

Ceramics material

Sidhant S / Bathinda

7 years of teaching experience

Qualification: mechanical engineering

Teaches: Geography, History, Mathematics, Science, Mechanical

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  1. Ceramics Inorganic and non-metallic materials Compounds b/w metallic and non metallic elements — Traditional up to 60 years back Clay, clay products Porcelain, china, tiles, bricks, glass & high temperature ceramic New generation Unique properties for computer, communication, aerospace Classification Based on applications Glasses Glass Glass ceramics — Clay Structural Clay products White wares
  2. Ceramics Refractories Fire clay Silica Basic Special Abrasive Cement Advanced ceramics Glasses Non crystalline silicate containing oxides CaO, Na20, K 20, A1203 Typical sodalime glass; 70% Si02 bal soda & lime Containers, lenses, fibre glass Glass ceramics Transformed to crystalline state by HT ' Fused silica, borosilicate, fibre glass, container, optical flint High mech strength, low thermal expansion, good dielectric, good bio compatibility, transparent, ease of fabrication Oven wares, substrate for PCB, heat exchanger, refrigerator
  3. Ceramics Clay Most widely used, inexpensive, inabundance, ease of forming, clay & water mixed, formed, dried & fired in furnace to increase strength — Structural clay products Bricks, tiles, sewer pipes White wares high temp firing Porcelain pottery, tableware, china ware, sanitary Refractories Withstand high temp without melting, decomposition, inert & unreactive, thermal insulation ' Furnace lining, metal refining, metallurgical H T, glass manufacturing, power plant Classification Fire clay, silica, basic, special refractories Porosity be controlled for strength & thermal characteristics Fire clay — alumina 25-45%, silica 70-50% High alumina fire clay — 90-50%, 10-45% Silica - 0.2%, Periclase - 1%, 3%, Mgo
  4. Ceramics — Fire Clay High purity fire clay MP 1587 C ; strength not important ' Furnace construction, confine hot environment, thermal insulation, — Silica Acid refractories, high temp up to 1650 C, load bearing capacity Resistant to silica (acid) rich slags Alumina has adverse effect on its performance, attacked by basic slag CaO, MgO Used as containment , ladle, HM mixer, steel and glass making furnaces Basic refractories Rich in periclase or MgO Resistant to basic MgO content slags Silica presence is deleterious Used as containment , Open hearth furnace steel making, LD — Special refractories High purity oxides, little porosity Alumina, silica, magnesia, beryllia (Beo), zirconia Zr02, Carbon and graphite ; prone to oxidation above 800 C ; Expensive BF hearth
  5. Ceramics Abrasive Used to wear, grind or cut away materials Hardness, wear resistance, high toughness, High temp refractoriness, Diamond natural choice but costily Common abrasives — silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, aluminium carbide (corundum), silica sand Bonded to grinding wheel by ceramic organic resin or Coated abrasive sand paper Grinding, lapping, polishing in powder form (diamond dust) Cements ' Inorganic cement— portland cement; plaster of paris, lime mixed with water paste sets and hardens at room temp used as bonding Portland cement — clay and lime mineral in proportion, ground, mixed and calcinated at 1400 C to form clinkers Clinkers fine ground with gypsum to retard setting process Settling time and strength is by hydration process not by drying; increases with water ; a slow process takes year ( 30 days) ' Non hydraulic material lime involves other compound for hardening (C02) not water
  6. Ceramics Advanced ceramics Scope in advanced technologies exploiting electrical, magnetic, optical properties & combination for new products Fibre optics, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS), ball bearings, piezoelectric, Bio medical etc. MEMS Smart miniature devices mech integrated with electronic/electrical components on a substrate of silicon Micro sensor, micro actuators, collect env. Information, process and decision for positioning, moving, regulating, filtering etc by miniature actuators ' Replace silicon by amorphous silicon carbo nitrides Airbags for occupants in vehicles , electronic displays, data storages devices, energy conversion, chemical detectors, DNA amplification and identification Optical fiber High purity silica, to avoid absorb, reflective, scatter, or Attenuate light beam Ceramic ball bearings Hybrid bearing Silicon nitride Si3N4 low density, lighter; less CG force higher speed possible Young's modulus higher more rigid, high strength, less deformation, less noise, more life, hardness 75-80 as compared to 58-64 HRC
  7. Advanced Ceramics Bio Medical applications ' Extensively used in bio field ; orthopedic implant, eye lenses, lab ware, thermometer and dental applications Good bio compatibility, corrosion resistant, high stiffness, resistance to wear Denture material, hip & knee implants, bonds well to bone, alumina high purity 99.8% grain size 3-6 um for orthopedic, Alumina in dental implant, artificial root in jaw, support for tooth or crown, replaces titanium; crown from gold to porcelain Characteristics for tissue connectivity & implant — toxic, inactive, bio active & resorption( dissolve) response Nano technology and ceramics Brittle character major disadvantages, Nano crystalline may improve this weakness to increase strength & ductility by pressure assisted sintering Pore shrinkage (low density) may be attained by superplasticity in a controlled/ limited range of pressure & temp

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