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Atoms

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Published in: Physics
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Presentation on atoms

Monisha M / Chennai

1 year of teaching experience

Qualification: BE

Teaches: Mathematics, Physics

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  1. Mo"sha MV
  2. INTRODUCTION C.?xvger? atom Hvdr?:?ger? atom Hydr?:?gen atom
  3. , Water Molecule o A water molecule consists of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, which are attached at an angle of 1050.
  4. o Atom, tiny basic building block of matter. e All the material on Earth is composed of various combinations of atoms.
  5. o Atoms are the smallest particles of a chemical element that still exhibit all the chemical properties unique to that element.
  6. OA row of 100 million atoms would be only about a long!
  7. WHO FOUNDED THE ATOM?
  8. o Ancient Greek philosophers conceived of the idea of the atom, which they defined as the smallest possible piece of a substance. The word atom comes from the Greek word meaning "not divisible."
  9. o The ancient Greeks also believed this fundamental particle was indestructible. Scientists have since learned that atoms are not indivisible but made of smaller particles, and atoms of different elements contain different numbers of each type of these smaller particles.
  10. o Beginning with Democritus, who lived during the late 5th and early 4th centuries bc, Greek philosophers developed a theory of matter that was not based on experimental evidence, but on their philosophical terms.
  11. o According to this theory, all matter was composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms (from the Greek word atomos, meaning "indivisible").
  12. o The work of British chemist John Dalton at the beginning of the 19th century revealed some of the first clues about the true nature of atoms. Dalton studied how quantities of different elements, such as hydrogen and oxygen, could combine to make other substances, such as water.
  13. o In his book A New System of Chemical Philosophy (1 808), Dalton made two assertions about atoms: (1 ) atoms of each element are all identical to one another but different from the atoms of all other elements, and (2) atoms of different elements can combine to form more complex substances.
  14. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. DALTON'S ATOMIC THEORY All matter is composed of atoms. Atom is the smallest indivisible part of matter. Atoms can neither be created nor be destroyed. Atoms Atoms Atoms simple of the same element are identical. of different elements are different. combine to form compound numerical ratio i.e. 1: 1, atoms in a
  15. DISPROVED!
  16. o It has been found that atoms can be divided. o When an atom other atoms a produced. o So this energy is split or it combines with large amount of energy is is called atomic energy.
  17. protons- 0 Electrons- Neutrons- Goldstein Thomson Chadwick
  18. Can you guess? ?: Microsoft Car ?:?ration. ?ll Ri ht eserved.
  19. o Yes, it is Rutherford's atomic model
  20. N/A
  21. o Rutherford Experiment
  22. Rutherford studied the structure of the atom by firing a beam of alpha particles at gold atoms. A few alpha particles bounced directly back, indicating that they had struck something massive. Rutherford proposed that most of the mass of atoms was concentrated in their centers. This concentration of mass is now known as the nucleus.
  23. J.J.THOMSON Encarta The Nobel Foundation
  24. , PROPOSED ATOM WAS A SOLID SPHERE OR POSITEVELY CHARGED MATERIAL AND NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES. 0 ELECTRONS WERE EMBEDDED LIKE SEEDS IN THE WATER MELON OR GUAVA.
  25. Encarta Encvlopedia, Culver Pictures
  26. NEILS BOHR
  27. o Based on the facts obtained from spectra of hydrogen he introduced the concept of energy levels Of atom.
  28. SOMMERFELD MODEL OF ATOM o Modified bohr's model of atom by introducing elliptical modal for electron path. o He defined sub enegy levels for every major energy level predicted by bohr.
  29. Quantum numbers Principal quantum numbers o Azimuthal quantum numbers Magnetic quantum numbers Spin quantum numbers
  30. o It is distinguished the orbitals on the basis on their shape, size and orientation of space.
  31. o Aufbau principal o Pauli exclusion principal e Hunds rule of maximum multiplicity.

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