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Presentation For Global Warming

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Published in: Geography
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Global Warming

Barun S / Kolkata

17 years of teaching experience

Qualification: B.COM(HONS), DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER APPLICATION

Teaches: Mental Maths, Mathematics, Science, Accountancy, All Subjects

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  1. GLOBAL WARMING fppt,cor
  2. CAUSES & MARKS Global Warming is defined as the increase of the average temperature on Earth. As the Earth is getting hotter, disasters like hurricanes, droughts and floods are getting more frequent.Over the last 100 years, the average air temperature near the Earth's surface has risen by a little less than 1 degree Celsius or 1.3 degrees Fahrenheit. Global warming is the cause, climate change is the effect. Scientists often prefer to speak about climate change instead of global warming, because higher global temperatures don't necessarily mean that it will be warmer at any given time at every location on Earth. Warming is strongest at the Earth's Poles, the Arctic and the Antarctic, and will continue to be so. In recent years, fall air temperatures have been at a record 9 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius) above normal in the Arctic, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. But changing wind patterns could mean that a warming Arctic, for example, leads to colder winters in continental Europe. Regional climates will change as well, but in very different ways. Some regions like parts of Northern Europe or West Africa will probably get wetter, while other regions like the Mediterranean or Central Africa will most likely receive less rainfall. Melting ice is the most visible impact of a warming climate. The UN Panel on Climate Change finds that average Arctic temperatures have increased at almost twice the global average rate in the past 100 years. fppt.com
  3. CAUSES & MARKS Green House Effect: When sunlight reaches Earth's surface some is absorbed and warms the earth and most of the rest is radiated back to the atmosphere at a longer wavelength than the sun light. Some of these longer wavelengths are absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere before they are lost to space. The absorption of this long wave radiant energy warms the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases act like a mirror and reflect back to the Earth some of the heat energy which would otherwise be lost to space. The reflecting back of heat energy by the atmosphere is called the "greenhouse effect". The major natural greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 36-70% of the greenhouse effect on Earth (not including clouds); carbon dioxide C02, which causes 9-26%; methane, which causes 4-9%, and ozone, which causes 3-7%. It is not possible to state that a certain gas causes a certain percentage of the greenhouse effect, because the influences of the various gases are not additive. Other greenhouse gases include, but are not limited to, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons. Almost 100% of the observed temperature increase over the last 50 years has been due to the increase in the atmosphere of greenhouse gas concentrations like water vapour, carbon dioxide (C02), methane and ozone. Greenhouse gases are those gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect (Fig. 1). The largest contributing source of greenhouse gas is the burning of fossil fuels leading to the emission of carbon dioxide. fppt.com
  4. CAUSES & MARKS The buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, mainly from your fossil fuel emissions, is the most significant human cause of global warming. Carbon dioxide is released every you burn something, be it a car, airplane or coal plant. This means you must burn less fossil fuel if you want the Earth's climate to reman stable! And unfortunately, we are currently destroying some of the best known mechanisms for storing that carbon—plants. Deforestation increases the severity of global warming as well. Carbon dioxide is released from the human nitrogen fertilizers that dramatically accelerate the growth and productivity of plants in the field. Plants "fix," or capture, nitrogen on their own as well, but green revolution technologies have become so popular that humans are now adding more nitrogen to the earth than all of the plants in the world combined. fppt.com
  5. Effects of Global Warming: Increasing global temperatures are causing a broad range of changes. Sea levels are rising due to thermal expansion of the ocean, in addition to melting of land ice. Amounts and patterns of precipitation are changing. The total annual power of hurricanes has already increased markedly since 1975 because their average intensity and average duration have increased (in addition, there has been a high correlation of hurricane power with tropical sea-surface temperature). Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns increase the frequency, duration, and intensity of other extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and tornadoes. Other effects of global warming include higher or lower agricultural yields, further glacial retreat, reduced summer stream flows, species extinctions. As a further effect of global warming, diseases like malaria are returning into areas where they have been extinguished earlier. Although global warming is affecting the number and magnitude of these events, it is difficult to connect specific events to global warming. Although most studies focus on the period up to 21 00, warming is expected to continue past then because carbon dioxide (chemical symbol C02) has an estimated atmospheric lifetime of 50 to 200 years. fppt.com
  6. Effects on weather: Increasing temperature is likely to lead to increasing precipitation but the effects on storms are less clear. Extratropical storms partly depend on the temperature gradient, which is predicted to weaken in the northern hemisphere as the polar region warms more than the rest of the hemisphere. Regional effects of global warming vary in nature. Some are the result of a generalised global change, such as rising temperature, resulting in local effects, such as melting ice. In other cases, a change may be related to a change in a particular ocean current or weather system. In such cases, the regional effect may be disproportionate and will not necessarily follow the global trend. There are three major ways in which global warming will make changes to regional climate: melting or forming ice, changing the hydrological cycle (of evaporation) and changing currents in the oceans and air flows in the atmosphere. The coast can also be considered a region. fppt.com
  7. Health: Human beings are exposed to climate change through changing weather patterns (temperature, precipitation, sea-level rise and more frequent extreme events) and indirectly through changes in water, air and food quality and changes in ecosystems, agriculture, industry and settlements and the economy. The effects of climate change to date have been small, but are projected to progressively increase in all countries and regions. It is concluded that climate change had altered the seasonal distribution of some allergenic pollen species. With medium confidence, they concluded that climate change had altered the distribution of some infectious disease vectors and increased heat waverelated deaths. fppt.com
  8. Conclusion The climate change would increase the number of people suffering from death, disease and injury from heat waves, floods, storms and droughts. Floods are low-probability, high-impact events that can overwhelm physical infrastructure and human communities. Major storm and flood disasters have occurred in the last two decades. Vulnerability to weather disasters depends on the attributes of the person at risk, including where they live and their age, as well as other social and environmental factors. High- density populations in lowlying coastal regions experience a high health burden from weather disasters. Hot days, hot nights and heat waves have become more frequent. Heat waves are associated with marked short-term increases in mortality. In some regions, changes in temperature and precipitation are projected to increase the frequency and severity of fire events . Forest and bush fires cause burns, damage from smoke inhalation and other injuries. Background levels of ground-level ozone have risen since pre-industrial times because of increasing emissions of methane, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides . This trend is expected to continue into the mid- 21 st century. fppt.com

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