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Hydrocarbons

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Published in: Chemistry
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classification of hydrocarbons with some sample problems

Mayank K / Delhi

3 years of teaching experience

Qualification: M.Sc. (Chemistry) IIT DELHI

Teaches: Chemistry

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  2. Reaction of Alkane ' Combustion Alkane reacts with 02 to produce C02 and Water Cl-14 + 2 02 2 1-120 + C02 + Energy + 5 02 4 1-120 + 3 C02 + Energy
  3. ALKENES ' containing a carbon- carbon double bond ' Also called as "Olefins" ' More reactive than alkanes ' General formula: cnH2n n is any integer) Alkene Ethene CH2=CH2
  4. Naming Alkenes and Alkynes ' Name the longest carbon chain that contains the double or triple bond (see table). ' The name for the alkenes ends in ene instead of —ane. ' The name for the alkynes ends in —yne instead of —ane. ' Number the main chain from the end nearest the double or triple bond. ' Indicate the position of the double or triple bond with the number of the first unsaturated carbon. ' Place the number and names of substituents in front of the alkene or alkyne name.
  5. The alkenes are ethylene and propylene. They are the two most important organic chemicals produced industrially. Ethylene is a plant hormone. It plays important roles in seed germination and ripening of fruits. For alkenes with four or more carbon atoms, several isomers (same formula but different structures) exist for each molecular formula.
  6. For example: C4H8 CH3 cis-2-butene CH3 H2C I-butene 2-methylpropene c=C CH3 trans-2-butene
  7. Geometric Isomers (cis and trans) - compounds that have the same molecular formula and the same groups bonded to one another but differ in the spatial arrangement of these groups.
  8. Sample Exercises: Give the name of the ff. alkenes: 1. 2. CH3 CH3 _ CH2 — CH2-.- - CH3 CH3 CH2 CH=CCH3
  9. Sample Exercises ' Give the structural formula for: 1. 2. 3. 4. 1,4-pentadiene 3-ethyl-l-hexene trans-2,3-dichloro-2-butene 1,3,5-hexatriene
  10. ALKYNES 'C bonds ' More reactive than alkanes and alkenes ' General formula: CH n 2n-2 ' Highly reactive molecules Alkyne Ethyne I-ICECH
  11. ' C2H2, ethyne or acetylene is the most simplest alkyne and it is highly reactive molecule. When acetylene is burned in a stream of oxygen in an oxyacetylene torch, the flame reaches a very high temperature, about 3200 K.
  12. Nomenclature of Alkynes ' Same with Alkenes ' However, when there is a choice in numbering, double bonds receive lower numbers than triple bonds Example: CH3CH CHC CCH2CH3 2-heptene-4-yne
  13. Sample Exercises ' Name the ff. compounds: 1. CH3 _ CH2 — Cl.-{2-..- CH —C CH _ CH2 CH3 CH3 5-ethyl-3-octyne
  14. 2 3. HC _ Cl.-E CH3 3 CH3 2. 3,3-dimethyl-1,5-hexediyne Answer: 3,3-dimethyI-1-butyne 3.

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