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PPT On Earthworm

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Published in: B.Ed | Biology | Botany
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Earthworms are small but incredibly important creatures that play a vital role in keeping the soil healthy. They loosen the soil, digest organic matter, and produce nutrient-rich castings that act as natural fertilizer for plants. Earthworms help in soil aeration, improve water absorption, and maintain balance in the ecosystem. Despite their simple appearance, they are essential for the life and growth of plants and the overall health of the soil.

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  3. EARTH WOPJM Phylum Class Annelida Oligochaeta Genus Megascolex Species mauritii
  4. HABIT • NEGA TIVELY PHOTOTA CTIC • NOCTURNAL • LOCOMOTION • BURROWING • FEEDING • BREEDING • REGENERA TION
  5. Earthworms are terrestrial animals inhabiting the moist soil. They are usually found in the upper layer of soil to a depth of 30-40cm. They are nocturnal and in day time they live in the burrows. During rainy season they come out and crawl on the ground. During winter they close the burrows by leaves and debris. This is to warm the burrows. Their presence is marked by the occurrence of worm cast, the faecal deposit of earthworm. There are about 500 species of earthworm. Of which 13 are found in India. Common varieties are Pheretima and Lumbricus
  6. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY A fully grown earthworm measures about 150mm in length and 3-5mm width The body is cylindrical and elongated. The anterior end is pointed , while the posterior end is rounded.
  7. Body Segments Prostomium Peristomium EARTHWORM Prostomium Ring of setae cliteillu • 14-16 segments: Clitellum Glandular tissue covering • Metameres 100-120 • Dorsal side- dark mid dorsal line •Ventral side- genital openings •Ant. End- Mouth, Prostomium, Peristomium Figure 7.9 Mouth ope ning Metameres Genital pillar Body of earthworm : (a) dorsal view (b) ventral view (e) showing mouth opening
  8. Body apertures 1 .Spermathecal Pores 2.Female genital Pores 3.Male genital pores 4.Nephridiopores 5.Dorsal pores 6.Anus Prostomium peristomium Ring of setae cliteillu Mouth opening Mc iameres Anus Genital e male genital ape n ital aperture Transverse grooves annuli
  9. INTERNAL MORPHOLOGY Cuticle, Epidermis, Two muscle layers, Coelomic Epithelium The body wall is covered externally by a thin non- cellular cuticle. It is followed by two muscle layers and an inner most coelomic epithelium. The epidermis consists of single layer of columnar cells. Secretory gland cells are also found among the columnar cells INTERNAL ANATOMY OF AN EARTHWORM (cross section) dorsal longitudinal nephridium nervous cord epidermis blood vessel muscle cavity circular intestine ventral blood vessel
  10. All segments except first and last bear a ring of microscopic S-shaped chitinous setae , help in locomotion.by gripping on the soil INTERNAL ANATOMY OF AN EARTHWORM (cross section) dorsal longitudinal epidermis blood vessel muscle nephridium ventral nervous cord seta circular muscle intestine ventral blood vessel body cavity T. S. of bodywall showing Setae
  11. Digestive system It is a straight tube and runs from the first to the last segments. It consists of mouth(peristomium),buc cal cavity , pharynx, oesophagus,a muscular gizzard, stomach, intestine and anus Mouth pharynx Oesophagus Gizzard Stomach Pre-typhlosolar part of intestine Intestinal c aecum Lymph gland •typhl os Olay part of intestine Intestinal lumen
  12. Circulatory system heart' 14 16 16 9 10 11 12 oaphap.l Figure 7.11 Closed circulatory system In earthworm , the circulation is closed type. The circulatory system consists of heart, blood vessels, capillaries and blood glands
  13. • Nephridia Segmental ly arranged nephridia are the excretory organs. There are three types of nephridia septa l, integumentary and pharyngeal. Mouth Buccal cavity Pharynx Blood glands Ducts of pharyngeal nephridia Tufts of pharyngeal nephridia Intergnrnentary nephridia Forests of in tegu men Cary nephridia Septal nephridia Figure 7.12 Nephridial system in earthworm
  14. NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system consists of segmentally arranged ganglia and a ventral nerve cord. A ganglion is a mass of nerve cells. Nerve ring Ventral Nerve cord Sense Organs
  15. Earthworm is hermaphrodite or bisexual . Male reprodutive organs • Testis • Seminal vesicles • Semimal funnels • Vasa differentia • Prostate glands Reproductive system Sperma th ecae Testis sac Mth testes Spermiducal funnels Seminal vesicles Ovaly funnel Vasa deferentia Accessory glands Common prostatic and spermatic duct Prostate Gland
  16. Female reproductive system • Ovaries • Oviduccal funnels • Oviducts • Spermatheca Sperma thecae Testis sac with testes Spermiducal funnels Seminal vesicles Ova rian funnel Vasa deferentia Accessory glands Common prostatic and spermatic duct Prostate Gland [email protected]
  17. INTERACTION WITH MANKIND • WORM CAST • VERMI COMPOSTING • FOOD • MEDICINE

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