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Alternative Fuels

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Published in: Mechanical
5,501 Views

Topic of this presentation is 'Alternative Fuels'.

Harish C / Pune

5 years of teaching experience

Qualification: M.Tech (MIT - 2016)

Teaches: Algebra, Mathematics, Physics, All Subjects, Chemistry, Science, GATE Exam, Engineering Graphics, Mechanical, Mechanics

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  1. ALTERNATE FUELS by HARISH CHOUDHARY [B.E,M.E]
  2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. CONTENTS Introduction Need Classification Feasibility Fuel cell And Working References
  3. Why Alternative Fuels? Cost of conventional fuels. ' In some cases, alternative fuels are more environmentally friendly. Some alternative fuels are more energy efficient.
  4. Transportation Share of Emissions voco Still a major contributor, despite reductions in new vehicle emissions achieved over the last decade
  5. Alternative Fuels O O Alcohol Fuels Ethanol and Methanol LPG Natural Gas (CNG) Biogas Biodiesel Hydrogen fuel cell Electricity Hybrid Solar powered Synthetic Fuels
  6. Ethanol Alcohol-based alternative fuel produced by fermenting and distilling starch crops or cellulose Most commonly used to increase octane and improve the emissions quality of gasoline. Can be blended with gasoline to create E85, a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. An excellent, clean-burning fuel, has a higher octane rating (over 100) and burns cooler than gasoline.
  7. Ethanol Vehicles Low GHGs Less Reactive Subsidy Required to be Cost Competitive Ethanol-based Alternative Fuel: E85 Gasoline with ethanol is still gasoline. It's not an alternative fuel. An increasing number of new vehicles can use E85 (15% gasoline, 85% ethanol), which is an alternative fuel.
  8. Methanol Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, can be used as an alternative fuel in flexible fuel vehicles that run on M85 The benefits include lower emissions, higher performance, and lower risk of flammability than gasoline Methanol can easily be made into hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the future. Methanol is extremely corrosive, requiring special materials for delivery and storage.
  9. Propane Propane or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a popular alternative fuel choice for vehicles because there is already an infrastructure of pipelines, processing facilities, and storage for its efficient distribution. LPG produces fewer vehicle emissions than gasoline. Propane is produced as a by-product of natural gas processing and crude oil refining. The cost of a gasoline-litre equivalent of propane is generally less than that of gasoline.
  10. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) CNG is made by compressing natural gas (which is mainly composed of methane, to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure. ' It is stored and distributed in hard containers at a pressure of 200—248 bar (2900—3600 psi), usually in cylindrical or spherical shapes. Can be used in both SI and CI engines. 10
  11. CNG vs LPG CNG More economical Kit more expensive More wear and tear on engine Safer in case of leakage- lighter th an air Does not contaminate and dilute the crankcase oil LPG Higher Calorific Value Easily Available Wears out piston heads with heavy loads Stored at lower pressures Non-corrosive and free of tetra-ethyl lead or any additives 11
  12. Biogas Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as biomass, manure, sewage. This type of biogas comprises primarily methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas can be compressed, much like natural gas, and used to power motor vehicles. Biogas is completely odorless and the risk of fire or explosion is less than for other fuels. Sweden, Denmark and Germany are the biggest users of biogas or cars, buses and trains. 12
  13. Biodiesel is a domestically produced, renewable fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant greases. Biodiesel is safe, biodegradable, and reduces air pollutants such as particulates, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and air toxics. Biodiesel can also be used in its pure form but it may require certain engine modifications to avoid maintenance. Need to heat storage tanks in colder climates to prevent the fuel from gelling 0
  14. Electricity Vehicles that operate only on electricity require no warm-up, run almost silently and have excellent performance up to the limit of their range. Pure electric cars still have limited range. Batteries have a limited storage capacity and their electricity must be replenished by plugging the vehicle into an electrical source. Electric Vehicles have lower "fuel" and maintenance costs than gasoline-powered vehicles. 0
  15. Fuel Cell A Fuel Cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, with water and heat as its by-product. ' It is a clean, quiet and highly efficient process- two to three times more efficient than fuel burning. ' It operates similarly to a battery, but it does not run down nor does it require recharging. As long as fuel is supplied, a Fuel Cell will produce both energy and heat. 0
  16. HOW Anode 16 does a H talyst Fuel Cell work? 02 from air Electric Circuit Polymer Electrolyte Membrane 02 02 02 C hode Catalyst H 20 Exhaust
  17. Thank you.. 17

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