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Semiconductor-Fundamentals

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Published in: Electronics
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Fundamentals of Semiconductors.

Ashish G / Indore

6 years of teaching experience

Qualification: M.Tech (IET-DAVV,Indore - 2006)

Teaches: Basic Computer, Computer for official job, MS Office, School Level Computer, Accountancy, Chemistry, Commerce Subjects, Hindi, Mathematics, Physics, All Subjects, Science, Biology, Computer, Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation, Mechanical, Production, Corporate Communication

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  1. Semiconductors Prepared By: Ashish Gupta
  2. Introduction to Semiconductors ' Semiconductor are materials whose electrical conductivity lies between conductor and an insulator > Electrical Conductivity: Level to which a material conducts electricity. >Conductor. allows the current to flow through it with the application of voltage like copper. Insulator. Do not allows the current to flow through it with the application of voltage like Glass
  3. Energy band diagram of materials ' Conductor: have a very small energy gap Result: current flows easily ' Insulator: have a large energy gap Result: no current flows Semiconductor: have a medium energy gap Result: only a small amount of current can flow Conduction Band Valence Band Conduction Band Band Gap Valence Band e- e- e- e- e-e-e- e- Conduction Band Band Ga Valence Band O o
  4. Bands in Energy Diagram ' Valance Band: Outermost electron orbital of an atom of material that electrons actually occupy. This is lower band. From this band electrons can jump out of, moving into the higher energy level. ' Conduction Band: This band is generally empty and high in energy. When the electrons are in these band, they have enough energy to move freely in the material. This movement of electrons creates a current. ' Energy band gap: The gap between valance band and conduction band.
  5. Materials having Semiconductor property ' Semiconductors are the materials which have 4 electrons in its outer most orbit and which forms crystalline structure. Silicon(Si): atomic number is 14 Number of Energy Levels: 3 First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 4 Germanium(Ge): atomic number is 32 Number of Energy Levels: 4 First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Forth Energy Level: 4
  6. Silicon Crystal Structure Silicon atoms form covalent bonds and can crystallize into a regular lattice. Silicon atom has four electrons in its outer most orbit which it can share in covalent bonds with its neighbors and form crystal lattice. Co-valent Bonds Si Si Val ence Shell (m) Shared Electrons
  7. Properties of Semiconductor ' It has negative temperature coefficient of resistance, i.e., the resistance of semiconductor decreases with increase in temperature and vice versa The resistivity lies between insulator and conductor ' Doping increases conductivity of semiconductor At absolute zero, it behaves as perfect insulator At room temperature it behaves as conductor.

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