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Biomass Conversion Technologies

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Published in: Bio Chemistry
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Biomass Conversion Technologies

AnytimeStudies / Surat

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Teaches: EVS, History, Mathematics, Science, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Social Studies, Bank Clerical, Bank PO, IBPS, SSC Exams, IIT JEE Advanced, IIT JEE Mains, NEET

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  1. Biomass Conversion Technologies
  2. What is Biomass? • All living and recently living organisms, animal/plant waste, industrial and municipal waste • Categories • Biofuels • Biopower • Bioproducts Biorefineries
  3. Conversion Technologies Biomass Feedstock Biochemical Platform (Sugar) Biogas Platform (Anaerobic Digestion) Thermochemical Platform • Pyrolysis • Gasification Carbon Rich Chains Platform (Biodiesel) Combined Heat & Power, Fuels, Chemicals, and Materials
  4. Biochemical Conversion Plant matter - hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin Pretreatment Hydrolysis Sugar Fermentation C12H22011 Sucrose H20 Water Invertase Catalyst Lymase Catalyst C6H1206 Fructose 2C2H50H Ethanol C6H1206 Glucose C6H1206 Fructose f Glucose
  5. Thermochemical Conversion Gasification, Pyrolysis, Direct Hydrothermal Liquefaction Carbon monoxide and Syngas (Hydrogen) Biomass Gasification via Partial Oxidation (Auto Thermal) Oxygen — Biomass GASIFICATION 850ic About 1/3 amount Ofoxygen needed for combustion Char & Ash Synthesis Gas Power Generation or Catalytic Conversion
  6. Pyrolysis • Absence of oxygen Thermal degradation Liquid pyrolysis oil
  7. Anaerobic Digestion Biogas Platform - Methane Decomposition - microorganisms Anaerobic Digesters Four Main Processes • Uses wastes and turns into valuable compost
  8. Transesterification "Biodiesel" Platform Takes vegetable oil, animal fat, or grease - fatty acid methyl ester into biodiesel Base catalyzed of the oil with alcohol, direct acid catalyzed, and conversion of the oil to fatty acids and then to alkyl esters with acid catalysts R-C-OR' o R-C-OR" O HO- R'
  9. Energy crops • Specific purpose of producing energy • DOE - switchgrass, willow, poplar Selective breeding, Q. genetic engineering
  10. Biomass Today Construction of large-scale Biorefineries Improved Catalysis Technology High Selectivity • Less Energy Intensive Conditions Reduction of Unit Operations Combined Government and Industry Efforts
  11. Refe re n s • • • • Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Biomass Program: Biomass Basics, November 2006, http://www.eere.energy.gov/biomass National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Biomass Research, November http://www.nrel.qov/biomass 2006, Energy Information Administration, Biomass, August 2005, http://www.eia.doe.qov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/biomass/biomass.h tml. Dutton, Gail. Industry Takes Another Look at Biomass: New Policy Encourage Growth of Technology, Genetic Engineering News v. 21, n. 5. March 1, 2001. http://www.mindfully.orq/GE/Look-At-Biomass- Growth. htm

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