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Electricity 1

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Published in: Physics
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For class 10

Anita Y / Gurgaon

7 years of teaching experience

Qualification: Masters in physics

Teaches: Mathematics, Physics

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  1. Class 10- notes of electricity ( electric current and potential) By Anita Yadav M.sc Physics Electric Current and Electric Circuit Electric Current: The flow of electric charge is known as electric current. Electric current is carried by moving electrons through a conductor. By convention, electric current flows in opposite direction to the movement of electrons. Electric Circuit: Electric circuit is a continuous and closed path of electric current. Expression of Electric Current: Electric current is denoted by letter 'l'. Electric current is expressed by the rate of flow of electric charges. Rate of flow means the amount of charge flowing through a particular area in unit time. #flow of electric charge If a net electric charge (Q) flows through a cross section of conductor in time t, then; #electric charge formula Where,l is electric current,Q is net charge and t is time in second. #SI unit of Electric Charge and Current: #SI unit of electric charge is coulomb (C). One coulomb is nearly equal to 6 x 1018 electrons. Sl unit of electric current is ampere (A). Ampere is the flow of electric charges through a surface at the rate of one coulomb per second. This means if 1 coulomb of electric charge flows through a cross section for 1 second, it would be equal to 1 ampere. Therefore; IA = 1 C/ 1 s
  2. Small quantity of Electric Current: Small quantity of electric current is expressed in milliampere and microampere. Milliampere is written as mA and microampere as PIA 1mA (milliampere)= 10-3 A Ammeter: An apparatus to measure electric current in a circuit. Example 1: Find the amount of electric charge flowing through the circuit if an electric current of 5 A is drawn by an electric appliance for 5 minute. Solution: Given, electric current (l) = 5 A Time (t) = 5 minute - -5 x 60 = 300 s Electric charge (Q) =? We know; I = Q/t Or, Q=lxt or, Q: 5 Ax = 1500 C
  3. Electric Potential and Potential Difference Electric Potential: The amount of electric potential energy at a point is called electric potential. Electric Potential difference: The difference in the amount of electric potential energy between two points in an electric circuit is called ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE. Electric potential difference is known as voltage, which is equal to the work done per unit charge to move the charge between two points against static electric field. Therefore; Work done Voltage — Charge potential difference formula
  4. Voltage or electric potential difference is denoted by 'V'. Therefore; 1 joule Icoulomb or, IV — IJC-I voltage formula IJ Where, W = work done and Q = Charge Sl unit of electric potential difference (Voltage): Sl unit of electric potential named in honour of Italian si unit potential difference Joule Coulomb difference is volt and denoted by 'V'. This is Physicist Alessandro Volta. c Since joule is the unit of work and coulomb is the unit of charge; 1 volt of electric potential difference is equal to the 1 joule of work to be done to move a charge of 1 coulomb from one point to another in an electric circuit. Therefore, si unit potential difference Voltmeter: An apparatus to measure the potential difference or electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. Example 1: Calculate the work done if a charge of 5 C moving across two point having potential difference equal to 15 V. Solution: Given, potential difference (V) = 15 v
  5. Charge (Q) = 5 C Work done (W) =? We know that; V = W/Q Or, W=VxQ Problem for practice- Example 2: Calculate the work done to carry a charge of 3 C, if the potential difference between two points is 10 V.
  6. SOME USEFUL SYMBOLS- Elect'ic cell +1 Battery (Combination of two o' mote cells) Switch (open or disconnected) Switch (closed or connected) Elect'ic bulb Ammeter Resistog or Resistance Wire joint Rheostat o! Vatlable gesistance Votttnetej Wige gossing (without joint)

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