Looking for a Tutor Near You?

Post Learning Requirement »
x

Choose Country Code

x

Direction

x

Ask a Question

x

x
x
For better view click here
x
Hire a Tutor
DISCOVER

Basic English Grammer

Loading...

Published in: English
5,140 Views

English grammar is one of the necessity for speaking english.

Shoban C / Chennai

4 years of teaching experience

Qualification: M.A in English

Teaches: English, All Subjects, Business English, Effective Communication, Public Speaking, Spoken English

Contact this Tutor
  1. Adjectives Adjectives describe or modify nouns. I like fairy tales. A fairy tale is an imaginary story that has unrealistic characters in a fantastic background. It makes me forget about the real world and refreshes my tired mind. Adjectives generally appear immediately before the noun. A pretty girl Red flowers A long stick Heavy boxes Warm weather Commonly, adjectives of opposite meaning are formed by adding a prefix such as un, in, or dis. clear - unclear, important - unimportant, predictable - unpredictable, believable - unbelievable, common - uncommon, aware - unaware, ambiguous - unambiguous, conventional - unconventional, certain - uncertain definite - indefinite, correct - incorrect, comparable - incomparable, complete - incomplete, evitable - inevitable, expensive - inexpensive able - disable, assemble - disassemble, content - discontent, similar - dissimilar When using a string of adjectives, they should appear in a set order: size/shape + age + color + origin + material. A big brown house A small old English desk A beautiful black Italian leather purse Delicious Chinese food The + adjective describes a class or group of people and acts as a noun. the old, the young, the poor, the rich, the oppressed, the homeless, etc. This popular TV show is loved by the old. [Quiz 7.1] Write opposite adjectives using the appropriate prefix.
  2. 1) Clear — 2) Definite - 3) Correct - 4) Expensive - 5) Complete - [Quiz 7.2] Underline all adjectives in the following sentences. In the spring, red roses blossom in my cute small garden. The beautiful birds also sing in the big oak tree. View Answers [7.1] 1) unclear 2) indefinite 3) incorrect 4) inexpensive 5) incomplete [7.2] red, cute, small, beautiful, big, oak Comparative and Superlative Adjectives Comparative adjectives compare two things. Superlative adjectives compare more than two things Commonly, adjectives that contain only one syllable or end in 'y' use 'er' to form comparatives and 'est' to form superlatives. For adjectives ending in y, change the 'y' to 'i' before adding the 'er' or 'est'. old — older — oldest young younger — youngest pretty prettier — prettiest long — longer — longest short — shorter — shortest bright — brighter — brightest close — closer — closest happy happier - happiest
  3. Adjectives with two or more syllables do not change but instead add more to form comparatives and most to form superlatives. • respectable more respectable most respectable beautiful — more beautiful — most beautiful preferable — more preferable most preferable hardworking more hardworking most hardworking Some adjectives have different forms of comparatives and superlatives. good better best bad — worse worst little — less — least • much (many) more most • far further - furthest The word than typically appears in comparative sentences. Amy is smarter than Betty. Chad is stronger than Dan. Greg is more diligent than his brother. I have more apples than he. She likes him more than me. Superlatives are typically accompanied by the word the. Tom is the oldest man in town. Paul is the tallest boy in the neighborhood. That shade of blue is the most beautiful color. This is the longest song that I have ever heard. [Quiz 8.1] Write the appropriate comparative or superlative form of the word cold in each blank. Yesterday was a cold day. Today is than yesterday. Tomorrow will be the [Quiz 8.2] day yet. Which of the following sentences is incorrect? 1)Mary is shorter than Jane. 2)The moon is more closer to the earth than the sun. 3)1 have the best score on the exam.
  4. [Quiz 8.3] Fill in the blanks. 1)My friend has a pretty purse, but I have a one. 2)The weather is yet to come! 3)Today's sunshine is Adverbs beautiful than yesterday's. Adverbs modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. An adverb tells more about a verb in the sentence. The fire engine runs fast. Listen to his speech carefully. I browse the web frequently. It rained hard. An adverb describes more about an adjective in the sentence. The news is very surprising! The coffee is extremely hot, so be careful. Nature is really amazing! An adverb modifies another adverb in the sentence. It rains very hard. Computers run much faster these days. I clean my room less frequently because I am busy. Commonly, adjectives can be changed to adverbs by adding 'ly'. slow slowly quick quickly comfortable — comfortably loud — loudly clear clearly To change adjectives ending in 'y' into adverbs, change the 'y' to 'i' and add 'ly'.
  5. happy happily easy easily [Quiz 9.1] Choose the correct word form in the following sentences. 1)1 spoke to you (careful, carefully) last time. 2)We talked about it (clear, clearly). 3)1 sat on the (comfortable, comfortably) sofa. 4)My dog runs very (fast, faster). 5)Let' s install the new program (quick, quickly). View Answers [9.1] 1) carefully 2) clearly 3) comfortable 4) fast 5) quickly Conjunctive Adverbs Conjunctive adverbs are words that join independent clauses into one sentence. A conjunctive adverb helps you create a shorter sentence. When you use a conjunctive adverb, put a semicolon (;) before it and a comma (,) after it. We have many different sizes of this shirt; however, it comes in only one color. Some examples of conjunctive adverbs are: accordingly, also, besides, consequently, finally, however, indeed, instead, likewise, meanwhile, moreover, nevertheless, next, othervvise, still, therefore, then, etc. The due date for the final paper has passed; therefore, I could not submit mine on time. There are many history books; however, none of them may be accurate. It rained hard; moreover, lightening flashed and thunder boomed. The baby fell asleep; then, the doorbell rang. The law does not permit drinking and driving anytime; otherwise, there would be many more accidents. Conjunctive adverbs look like coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, so, for, yet, nor); however, they are not as strong as coordinating conjunctions and they are punctuated
  6. differently. A conjunctive adverb is also used in a single main clause. In this case, a comma ( , ) is used to separate the conjunctive adverb from the sentence. I woke up very late this morning. Nevertheless, I wasn't late to school. She didn't take a bus to work today. Instead, she drove her car. Jack wants a toy car for his birthday. Meanwhile, Jill wants a dollhouse for her birthday. They returned home. Likewise, I went home. [Quiz 27.1] Choose the right conjunctive adverb for the sentence. 1)Hurry up; , you will be late for the train. 2)1 studied hard for the exam; 3)Tom is a sportsman; 4)He didn't go to college. 5)He is not good-looking. View Answers [27.1] 1) otherwise 2) however 3) likewise 4) Instead 5) Nevertheless , 1 failed. his brother Tom is athletic. he started his own business. , he is popular among girls. Prepositions "On," "At," and "In" A preposition is a word that links a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to some other part of the sentence. Prepositions can be tricky for English learners. There is no definite rule or formula for choosing a preposition. In the beginning stage of learning the language, you should try to identify a preposition when reading or listening in English and recognize its usage. to the office at the desk on the table in an hour about myself
  7. A preposition is used to show direction, location, or time, or to introduce an object. Here are a few common prepositions and examples. On Used to express a surface of something: I put an egg on the kitchen table. • The paper is on my desk. Used to specify days and dates: • The garbage truck comes on Wednesdays. I was born on the 14th day of June in 1988. Used to indicate a device or machine, such as a phone or computer: He is on the phone right now. She has been on the computer since this morning. • My favorite movie will be on TV tonight. Used to indicate a part of the body: • The stick hit me on my shoulder. He kissed me on my cheek. I wear a ring on my finger. Used to indicate the state of something: Everything in this store is on sale. • The building is on fire. Used to point out specific time: I will meet you at 12 p.m. • The bus will stop here at 5:45 p.m. Used to indicate a place: • There is a party at the club house. • There were hundreds of people at the park. We saw a baseball game at the stadium. Used to indicate an email address:
  8. • Please email me at [email protected]. Used to indicate an activity: He laughed at my acting. I am good at drawing a portrait. Used for unspecific times during a day, month, season, year: She always reads newspapers in the morning. In the summer, we have a rainy season for three weeks. • The new semester will start in March. Used to indicate a location or place: She looked me directly in the eyes. I am currently staying in a hotel. • My hometown is Los Angeles, which is in California. Used to indicate a shape, color, or size: This painting is mostly in blue. The students stood in a circle. This jacket comes in four different sizes. Used to express while doing something: In preparing for the final report, we revised the tone three times. A catch phrase needs to be impressive in marketing a product. Used to indicate a belief, opinion, interest, or feeling: I believe in the next life. We are not interested in gambling. [Quiz 22.1] Identify all prepositions in the following sentences. After flying for many hours, we finally got off the airplane. We walked out the exit and went to the baggage claim area. There were hundreds of different bags on the conveyer belt. I almost picked up the wrong one because it looked like mine.
  9. l)l want to lose 5 kilogram 2)Could you get me this pants 3)She seems to be interested 4)l will come to pick you up 5)This class will be held View Answers [22.1] [Quiz 22.2] Choose a correct preposition in the sentence. "To," and I (on, at, in) one month. (on, at, in) a larger size? (on, at, in) Psychology. (on, at, in) 2 pm tomorrow. (on, at, in) Mondays. After flying for many hours, we finally got off the airplane. We walked out the exit and went the baggage claim area. There were hundreds Qf different bags on the conveyer belt. I almost picked up the wrong one because it looked like mine. [22.2] 1) in 2) in 3) in 4) at 5) on Prepositions "of," I For"
  10. Of Used for belonging to, relating to, or connected with: The secret of this game is that you can't ever win. The highlight of the show is at the end. The first page of the book describes the author's profile. Don't touch it. That's the bag of my friend's sister. I always dreamed of being rich and famous. Used to indicate reference: I got married in the summer of 2000. • This is a picture of my family. I got a discount of 10 percent on the purchase. Used to indicate an amount or number: I drank three cups of milk. A large number of people gathered to protest. I had only four hours of sleep during the last two days. He got a perfect score of 5 on his writing assignment. To Used to indicate the place, person, or thing that someone or something moves toward, or the direction of something: I am heading to the entrance of the building. • The package was mailed to Mr. Kim yesterday. All of us went to the movie theater. • Please send it back to me. Used to indicate a limit or an ending point: • The snow was piled up to the roof. • The stock prices rose up to 100 dollars. Used to indicate relationship: • This letter is very important to your admission. • My answer to your question is in this envelop. • Do not respond to every little thing in your life. Used to indicate a time or a period: I work nine to six, Monday to Friday.
  11. It is now 10 to five. (In other words, it is 4:50.) For Used to indicate the use of something: • This place is for exhibitions and shows. I baked a cake for your birthday. I put a note on the door for privacy. She has been studying hard for the final exam. Used to mean because of: I am so happy for you. We feel deeply sorry for your loss. For this reason, I've decided to quit this job. Used to indicate time or duration: He's been famous for many decades. I attended the university for one year only. • This is all I have for today. [Quiz 23.1] Choose the correct preposition in each sentence. l)l slept (of, to, for) only two hours last night. 2)lt was my first trip 3)Turn off the TV and go straight (of, to, for) Hawaii. (of, to, for) bed. (of, to, for) the people who want to learn how to play a guitar. 4)This book was written 5)l was late 6)Spencer is one View Answers [23.1] 1) for 2) to 3) to 4) for 5) for 6) of (of, to, for) school. (of, to, for) my best friends. Prepositions "With," "Over," and I By"
  12. With Used to indicate being together or being involved: I ordered a sandwich with a drink. He was with his friend when he saw me. She has been working with her sister at the nail shop. The manager will be with you shortly. Used to indicate "having" I met a guy with green eyes. Were you the one talking with an accent? People with a lot of money are not always happy. Used to indicate "using" I wrote a letter with the pen you gave me. This is the soup that I made with rice and barley. He cut my hair with his gold scissors. Used to indicate feeling: I am emailing you with my sincere apology. He came to the front stage with confidence. Used to indicate agreement or understanding: Are you with me? Yes, I am completely with you. She agrees with me. Over Used to indicate movement from one place to another: Come over to my house for dinner sometime. Could you roll over? They sent over a gift for his promotion. Used to indicate movement downward: The big tree fell over on the road. Can you bend over and get the dish for me? He pushed it over the edge.
  13. Used to indicate more than an expected number or amount: This amount is over our prediction. Kids twelve and over can watch this movie. The phone rang for over a minute. Used to indicate a period of time: I worked there over a year. She did not sleep there over this past month. By Used to indicate proximity: Can I sit by you? He was standing by me. The post office is by the bank. Used to indicate the person that does something in a passive voice sentence: The microwave was fixed by the mechanic. The flowers were delivered by a postman. The branch office was closed by the head office. Used to indicate an action with a particular purpose: You can pass the exam by preparing for it. I expressed my feeling toward her by writing a letter. She finally broke the record by pure effort. Used to indicate a mean or method: Please send this package to Russia by airmail. I came here by subway. [Quiz 24.1] Choose the correct preposition in each sentence. l)lf she left at 4 p.m., she should be here (with, over, by) now. 2)G0 3) (with, over, by) there and catch my ball. (With, Over, By) your determination, you will be able to achieve your dream.
  14. 4)1 just found it! It was 5)1 knocked him 6)She was View Answers [24.1] 1) by 2) over 3) With 4) by 5) over 6) with (with, over, by) the radio on my desk. (with, over, by) accidentally. (with, over, by) me when the accident occurred. Infinitives Part 1 An infinitive is a verb combined with the word to. Most often, an infinitive acts as a noun in the sentence. Less frequently, it acts as an adjective or an adverb. I want to go home early today. I hope to be chosen as a member. I prefer to go there earlier. You need to consider various rules in writing sentences. You have to explain your reasoning in detail. You might wish to act as a teacher. To leave for a vacation is my only wish at this time. A common mistake in a relationship is not to trust the other person. Help me to save the trees! To be mentally healthy, you must read books. Do you want me to fill out this form? Here is our to-do list. It was nice to meet you. It is time to move on. I am young enough to change my habits. Don't forget not to make grammar mistakes. You are required to leave all your belongings here. I came to see a doctor today. You have to work harder to succeed. I need to take three more classes to finish my graduate study. I got closer to the speaker to listen clearly. Be sure to check if you have tickets.
  15. I am going to buy the new computer. Generally, it is not common to split to and the verb except for when you want to emphasize the verb. I want you to immediately stop doing that. You have to seriously work hard to succeed. You need to definitely explain your reasoning in detail. [Quiz 15.1] Fill in the blanks. 1)1 am going 2)It is common 3)Did you come View Answers [15.1] 1) to learn 2) to make 3) to clean (learn) English. (make) a grammar mistake. (clean) my house? Infinitives Part 2 Commonly, an infinitive is used with the subject it. The sentence structure is "It is + infinitive.. It refers to the infinitive. This expression is used in many ways. It is time to do math. It is common to think that way. It is appropriate to keep a low profile. It was nice to see you. It was my pleasure to meet you. It was my honor to have dinner with you. It is good to see you. It was great to go on a trip with them. Both gerunds and infinitive phrases can function as nouns, in a variety of ways. Gerunds and infinitives can follow certain verbs but not others. You need to remember which verbs can be followed by only a gerund or only an infinitive. Verbs that can precede only gerunds: consider, suggest, enjoy, deny, avoid, miss, mind, practice, postpone, resist, finish, quit, give up, put off
  16. Verbs that can precede only infinitives: offer, decide, hope, attempt, promise, agree, afford, deserve, refuse, undertake, learn, fail, seem, appear, tend, pretend, choose, demand, desire, guarantee, claim, manage, determine, expect, want, wish Verbs that can precede either gerunds or infinitives without changing meanings: continue, like, love, begin, start, propose, neglect, stand, hate Verbs that can precede either gerunds or infinitives but change meanings: forget, remember, stop, try I stopped watching the movie. (I no longer watched the movie.) I stopped to watch the movie. (I stopped what I was doing to watch the movie.) [Quiz 16.1] Fill in the blanks. 1)1 decided 2)She pretended 3)He desires (leave) the job. (know) me. (be) a professor. 4)The company considered (sell) its main building. 5)1 expect 6)Do you enjoy 7)She hopes 8)Did you fail 9)They want me 10)It is great View Answers [16.1] l)to leave 2)to know 3)to be 4)selling 5)to win 6)taking 7)t0 go 8)to pass 9)to take (win) at this game. (take) care of your pet? (go) on a vacation. (pass) the exam? (take) this position. (hear) that they agreed (share) the land.

Need a Tutor or Coaching Class?

Post an enquiry and get instant responses from qualified and experienced tutors.

Post Requirement

Related Study Notes

Upload Study Notes

If you have your own Study Notes which you think can benefit others, please upload on LearnPick. For each approved Study Note you will get 100 Credit Points and 100 Activity Score which will increase your profile visibility.

Upload Now
Home > Study Notes > Basic English Grammer