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Note On Monohybrid Cross

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Published in: Bio Technology | Biology
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Explore the basics of heredity through the monohybrid cross, understanding dominant and recessive traits with easy diagrams and examples.

Rizwana P / Jhansi

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Qualification: Msc bed

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  1. Genetics The study of inherited characteristics
  2. Monohybrid inheritance Let the allele for round seeds be: Let the allele for wrinkled seeds be: R (dominant allele) r (recessive allele) Parents phenotype genotype RR round seeds x wrinkled seeds rr Gametes FI generation FI phenotypes FI genotypes 100% 100% plants producing round seeds heterozygotes Rr
  3. • FI intercross Parents phenotype genotype • Gametes F2 generation round seeds x round seeds Phenotype 75% plants producing round seeds 25% plants producing wrinkled seeds Genotype 25% RR Rr 25% rr Ratio 3:1 Round seeds: wrinkled seeds
  4. Does the observed ratio match the theoretical ratio? • The theoretical or expected ratio of plants producing round or wrinkled seeds is 3 round :1 wrinkled • Mendel's observed ratio was 2.96:1 • The discrepancy is due to statistical error • The observed ratio is very rarely the same as the expected ratio • The larger the sample the more nearly the results approximate to the theoretical ratio • Statistical tests such as the chi-squared test can be used to test the closeness of fit of the observed and theoretical ratios
  5. What if the parents are not homozygous? • The use of the term Fl generation is limited to the offspring of two homozygous parents • The use of the term F2 is limited to the offspring of intercrossing the Fl generation • In all other cases the terms offspring (1) and offspring (2) should be used • The complete set of headings will be: Parents phenotypes Parents genotypes Gametes Offspring Offspring Gametes Offspring Offspring (1) (1) (2) (2) genotypes phenotypes phenotypes genotypes
  6. Backcross To test whether a plant producing round seeds is homozygous RR or heterozygous Rr it can be crossed with a homozygous rr plant If plant is homozygous dominant RR If plant is heterozygous Rr Parents phenotype round x wrinkled genotype RR gametes Offspring Parents phenotype genotype gametes Offspring Offspring round x wrinkled rr Offspring phenotype Genotype 100% round 100% Rr phenotype 50% round 50% wrinkled genotype 50% Rr 50% rr
  7. Designed and Written by Rizwana Mam Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Dream it. Believe it. Achieve it. Success is the sum of small efforts repeated day in and day out.

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