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Notes On Biology Chapter 1

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Published in: Biology
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11th std Biology chapter 1

Neha S / Mumbai

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  1. NOTES BY SN Chapter : 1 Living world Planet Earth has two types of things - abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living). Biotic components are the living things like people, animals, plants, and tiny organisms around us. But why do we call them living? We call them living because they can grow, move, eat, breathe, have babies, and react to their surroundings. Non-living things cannot do any of these activities. That's why living things are different from non-living things. Basic principles of life: • Once a living being is born, it needs to stay alive. To survive, it needs enerw and some important chemicals. To get this enerW, the body does a process called metabolism. Metabolism means two things: - Breaking down food or molecules to get energy (catabolism). - Building new molecules that the body needs (anabolism). • Growth and development do not continue indefinitely. After a certain period, the body's molecules, organs, and systems gradually lose their efficiency and begin to deteriorate. This natural decline is known as the ageing process. Herbarium : The word herbarium (plural: herbaria) was first used by Pitton de Tournefort in his book 'Elemens'. The practice of making herbaria was started by an Italian scientist named Luca Chini (1490—1556). Herbaria are useful tools for studying and identifying plants. A herbarium is basically a dried plant that has been pressed, treated in different ways, and then attached to a standard-sized sheet to keep it safe for a long time. Botanical Gardens: Botanical gardens are places where many types of living plants from around the world are grown carefully and in an organized way. Each plant has a label that shows its scientific name and common name.
  2. NOTES BY SN Fig. Botanical gardens In 1543, the first botanical garden in the world was started by an Italian professor named Luca Chini (1490—1556) in Pisa, Italy. The botanical garden at Kew in England is famous for having the largest collection, with over 30,000 plant specimens and more than 7 million dried plant samples (called herbaria). Prof. Luca ghini • Conservation of Biodiversity . Biodiversity means the variety of living things in an ecosystem. It is very important for keeping nature balanced and healthy. A rich and complex biodiversity shows that the ecosystem is doing well. But due to rapid population growth and overuse of natural resources, many species are disappearing very fast. Conservation means trying to slow down, stop, or even undo this loss. When we protect plants and animals in their natural homes, it is called in-situ conservation. Museums: Museums are places where preserved plant and animal specimens are kept and shown. Small plants and animals are kept in clear jars filled with a chemical called formalin (a type of preservative). Each jar has a label. Big animals like birds and mammals are usually stuffed and saved using a method called taxidermy. Some specimens are also dried and displayed.
  3. NOTES BY SN Thus, biological museums in educational institutes are reference hubs of biodiversity studies. Fig. Biological museums Zoological parks : A zoological park, commonly called a zoo, is a place where wild animals are kept safely in enclosures. They are looked after and given living conditions similar to their natural homes. Zoos help protect animals, and people can visit to see and learn about them. Scientists can also study how the animals eat and behave. RAN ZO(XOGCAL 90 Fig. Zoological parks
  4. NOTES BY SN Biodiversity parks : It is a group of different plants and animals living together in a way that supports itself, even in damaged or empty land. For example, the Late Uttamrao Patil Biodiversity Park in Gureghar, Mahabaleshwar. This park is a great example of how we can protect nature in cities. Fig. Late Uttamrao Patil Biodiversity Parks, Gureghar. Dr. S. P. Agharkar, a famous botanist from India, was born in November 1884 in Malvan, Maharashtra. He studied the plants and animals of the Western Ghats. During his research, he found a type of freshwater jellyfish that was earlier thought to exist only in Africa. His discovery was published in the science journal Nature in 1912. Dr. S. P. Agharkar
  5. NOTES BY SN Key : A key is a tool used to identify and classify plants and animals. It works by using contrasting features (differences). At each step, you choose one feature and reject the other. Each step or statement in the key is called a lead. Most keys help you analyze and find the correct name or group of a living organism. We will learn more about classification of living things in the next chapter.

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