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Notes On Conflict Over Water

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Published in: EVS
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Water conflict concept its cause and example of both nation and international water conflicts.

Basharat M / Jammu

5 years of teaching experience

Qualification: Ph.D (Kashmir School of Education Research and Training (KSERT), Budgam - 2014)

Teaches: Biology, EVS, Geography, Science, Zoology, Botany

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  1. Conflicts over water Water conflict is a term describing a conflict between countries, states, or groups over an access to water resources. The United Nations recognizes that water disputes result from opposing interests of water users water has historically been a source of tension and wide range of water conflicts appear throughout history, though rarely are traditional wars waged over water alone. The water conflicts arise for several reasons, including territorial disputes, a fight for resources, and strategic advantage. Listing via violence over water going back nearly 5,000 years. A comprehensive online database of water-related conflicts—the Water Conflict Chronology—has been developed by the Pacific Institute. These conflicts occur over both freshwater and saltwater, and both between and within nations. However, conflicts occur mostly over freshwater; because freshwater resources are necessary, yet scarce, they are the center of water disputes arising out of need for potable water, irrigation and energy generation. As freshwater is a vital, yet unevenly distributed natural resource, its availability often impacts the living and economic conditions of a country or region. The lack of cost-effective water supply options in areas like the Middle East, among other elements of water crises can put severe pressures on all water users, whether corporate, government, or individual, leading to tension, and possibly aggression. Recent humanitarian catastrophes, such as the Rwandan Genocide or the war in Sudanese Darfur, have been linked back to water conflicts. A recent report "Water Cooperation for a Secure World" published by Strategic Foresight Group concludes that active water cooperation between countries reduces the risk of war. This conclusion is reached after examining trans-boundary water relations in over 200 shared river basins in 148 countries. Causes According to the 1992 International Conference on Water and the Environment, water is a vital element for human life, and human activities are closely connected to availability and quality of water. Unfortunately, water is a limited resource and in the future access "might get worse with climate change, although scientists projections of future rainfall are notoriously cloudy" writes Roger Harrabin. Moreover, "it is now commonly said that future wars in the Middle East are more likely to be fought over water than over oil," said
  2. Lester R. Brown at a previous Stockholm Water Conference. Water conflicts occur because the demand for water resources and potable water exceeds supply, or because control over access and allocation of water are disputed. Elements of a water crisis may put pressures on affected parties to obtain more of a shared water resource, causing diplomatic tension or outright conflict. 1 1 % of the global population, or 783 million people, are still without access to improved sources of drinking water which catalysis the water disputes. Besides life, water is necessary for proper sanitation, commercial services, and the production of commercial goods. Thus numerous types of parties can become implicated in a water dispute e.g., corporate entities may pollute water resources shared by a community, or governments may argue over who gets access to a river used as an international or inter-state boundary. The broad spectrum of water disputes makes them difficult to address. Local and international laws, commercial interests, environmental concerns, and human rights questions make water disputes complicated to solve combined with the sheer number of potential parties, a single dispute can leave a large list of demands to be met by courts and lawmakers. Examples of water conflicts International 1. The Indus between India and Pakistan 2. The Colorado River between Mexico and USA 3. The Shatt-aI-Arab between Iran and Iraq 4. The Bhramaputra between Bangladesh and India National 1 . Sharing of Cauvery water between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka 2. Sharing of Krishna water between Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka 3. Sharing of Siruveni water between Kerala and Tamil Nadu Management of water conflicts * * * To enforce/implement law that check the water pollution To overcome the problem of river water sharing in a country interlinking of rivers should be done To ensure equitable sharing of basin water the river basin authority and
  3. natural water authority should be given full powers * Nationalization of rivers should be done. repared by: Dr Basharat Mushta

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