Looking for a Tutor Near You?

Post Learning Requirement »
x

Choose Country Code

x

Direction

x

Ask a Question

x

x
x
For better view click here
x
Hire a Tutor
DISCOVER

Notes On Class 10th: Science

Loading...

Published in: Physics | Science
1,482 Views

Chapter 12 : Electricity

Arun K / Noida

5 years of teaching experience

Qualification: B.Tech/B.E. (Birla Institute of Technology (bit mesra), Ranchi - 2011)

Teaches: Algebra, Mathematics, Physics, Science, AIEEE, BITSAT, IIT JEE Advanced, IIT JEE Mains

Contact this Tutor
  1. SCIENCE PHYSICS MN: 8218651894 Electricity CHAPTER: 12 1. Positive and negative charges: The charge acquired by a glass rod when rubbed with silk is calle ositive charge and the charge acquired by an ebonite rod when rubbed with wool is called negative charge. 2. Coulomb: It is the S.l. unit of charge. One coulomb is defined as that amount of charge whic rep Is an equ similar charge with a force of 9 x 109 N when placed in vacuum at a distance of 1 meter it. Charge on an electron = -1.6 x 10 19 coulomb. 3. Static and current electricity's: Static electricity deals with the electric char es attes while th urrent electricity deals with the electric charges in motion. 4. Conductor: A substance which allows passage of electric charges th ou h it asily is ca ed a conductor'. A conductor offers very low resistance to the flow of current. For example cop r, silve , ä uminum etc. 5. Insulator: A substance that has infinitely high resistance does no allow e ectri current to flow through it. It is called an insulator'. For example rubber, glass, plastic, ebonite etc. 6. Electric current: The flow of electric charges acr s a cro s-section of a conductor constitutes an electric current. It is defined as the rate of flow of the electric ch rge throu any s ction of a conductor. Electric current charge/Time or I = Q/t Elec IC current isa c I quantity. 7. Ampere: It is the S.l. unit of curr rift. If ne coulomb f charge flows through any section of a conductor in one second, then current through it is sai be camp re. 1 -IC/1s = ICS 1 1 ampere = 1 coulomb/ 1 second.r___.__ 1 mill ampere = 1 mA=1 A 1 microampere = lgA- O- A he 10 d path+al g which electric current flows is called an electric circuit. 8. Electric circui . Bu B att. (Having 3 Prepared By: Arun Kumar Key The direction of citeuit, In this circuit ammeter is in Sub: Science Page 1 Chauhan Market, Sadarpur colony, Main ITI Road Near Charan Singh Bharat Gas, Noida Sector 45 MN: 8218651894
  2. SCIENCE MN: 8218651894 9. Conventional current: Conventionally, the direction of motion of positive charges is taken as the direction of current. The direction of conventional current is opposite to that of the negatively charged electrons. 10. Electric field: It is the region around a charged body within which its influence can be experienced. 11. Electrostatic potential: Electrostatic potential at any point in an electric field is defined as thea oun f wo o ef m igh r done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to that point. Its unit is volt. Positive charg lower potential regions. Electrons, being negatively charged, move from lower to higher pot ntl reg• n 12. Potential difference between two points: The Potential difference between two pölnts 1 field is the amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from one to another. Potentia Ifferenc = W rk done/Charge or V = W/Q 13. One volt potential difference: The Potential difference between two oin •n an electri field is said to one volt if one joule of work has to be done in bringing a positive charge of one c u mb from one nt to another. 1 volt = 1 joule/ 1 coulomb or 1 V = IJ/IC 14. Galvanometer: It is device to detect current in an electric circui . 15. Ammeter: It is device to measure current in a circu• . t always conn ed in series in a circuit. . It IS ålways connected in parallel to the component 16. Voltmeter: It is a device to measure potential ifferen across which the potential difference is to be ea red. 17. Ohm's law: This law states that the cu rent passing t rough a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference cross its ends, provided t phy i al conditio like temperature, density etc. remains unchanged. al or V = RI AAP (V 8. Resistance: It is property of a conductor by virtue of which it opposes the flow of current through it. It is equal to e ratio of th otential difference applied across its ends and the current flowing through it. Resista = Potential difference/Current or R = V/l Prepared By: Arun Kumar Sub: Science Page 2 Chauhan Market, Sadarpur colony, Main ITI Road Near Charan Singh Bharat Gas, Noida Sector 45 MN: 8218651894
  3. SCIENCE MN: 8218651894 19. 1 Ohm: It is the S.l. unit of resistance. A conductor has a resistance of one ohm if a current of one ampere flows through it on applying a potential difference of one volt across its ends. 1 ohm = 1 volt/ 1 ampere or IQ = IV/ IA 20. Factors on which resistance of a conductor depends: The resistance R of a conductor depends ii. iii. Directly on its length L i.e. Ra L inversely on its area of cross-section A i.e. R a I/A On the nature of material of the conductor on. On combining the above factors R a L/A the proportionality constant p is called resistivity of conductor. get 21. Resistivity: It is defined as the resistance offered by a cube of a material o side 1 m w en current flows perpendicular to its opposite faces. Its S.l. unit is ohm-meter (Qm). Resistiv 22. Equivalent resistance: If a single resistance can replace the o binatio e istances in such a manner that the current in the circuit remains unchanged, then that single resistance alled the equivalent resistance. 23. Laws of resistances in series: i) Current through eac sistance issame. ii) Total voltag acr ss the mbination = Sum of the voltage drops. V= VI + + res•Qor is proportional to its resistance. VI = IRI, = IR2, V2 = IR3 iii) Voltage ro sacr iv) Equiv lent *resis ance = m of the individual resistances. Rs = RI + R2 + R3 v) Eq Iva ent resistance • arger than the largest individual resistance. Prepared By: Arun Kumar Sub: Science Page 3 Chauhan Market, Sadarpur colony, Main ITI Road Near Charan Singh Bharat Gas, Noida Sector 45 MN: 8218651894
  4. SCIENCE MN: 8218651894 24. Laws of resistances in parallel: l, i) Voltage across each resistance is same and is equal to the applied vol ag . ii) Total current = Sum of the currents through the individual resistan s. 1=11+12+13 iii) Currents through various resistances are inversely proporti na to th Individu resistances. Il = v/R11, 12 = v/R2, 13 = v/R3 iv) Reciprocal of equivalent resistance = Sum of recipro als f individua istances. 1/Rp = I/RI + 1/R2 + 1/R3 v) Equivalent resistance is less than the smal t ind• idual resista ce. 25. Joule's law of heating: It states that the hea rod (i) The square of the current I thro (ii) Proportional to its resistances (iii) the time t for which cu is it d. Ma 8 ca or e n a con uctor is directly proportional to matically, it can be expressed as H = 12Rt H = V It j e = Vit 26. Electric energy: I the tal wo Electric energy, - Vlt- 12 jo I d e in maintaining an electric current in an electric circuit for given time. 27. Electriel power: Electrical wer is the rate at which electric energy is consumed by an appliance. P=W/t 1 28.1 att: It is the .1. nit of power. The power of an appliance is 1 watt if one ampere of current flows through it On ap lying a pote ial differences of 1 volt across its ends. 1 = 1 VA 1 kilowatt = 1000 W second =1 volt x 1 ampere or 1 W = 1 Js 1 watt = Prepared By: Arun Kumar Sub: Science Page 4 Chauhan Market, Sadarpur colony, Main ITI Road Near Charan Singh Bharat Gas, Noida Sector 45 MN: 8218651894
  5. SCIENCE MN: 8218651894 29. Kilowatt hour: It is the commercial unit of electrical energy. One kilowatt hour is the electric energy consumed by an appliance of 1000 watts when used for one hour. 1 kilowatt hour (kWh) = 3.6 x 106 J MAP ELECTRIC POWER ELECTRIC JOVLEYS RESISTASCE SERIES RESISTAN Prepared By: Arun Kumar E CTRI RESISTIVITY = RA ofResåstivi@y-— Sub: Science sv€Q IR Ohms RESISTANCE Page 5 Chauhan Market, Sadarpur colony, Main ITI Road Near Charan Singh Bharat Gas, Noida Sector 45 MN: 8218651894
  6. SCIENCE MN: 8218651894 Application of Heating Effect of Electric Current 1. Used in electric iron, toaster, oven, heater etc. 2. It is also used in bulb to produce light. Filament of bulb is made of strong metal with high melting point such as tungsten (mp=338 C . Thi filament an retain as much of the heat generated as possible, to become very hot and emit light) 3. It is also used in the "fuse connected in an electric circuit. Fuse is a safety device that rotects\ e cigcuits and appliance by stopping the flow of high current. The wire of fuse is made of an 116fof e•g., Al minum Copper, Iron, Lead etc. The alloy should be of low melting point and high resistivity; fu e is always c nnected in series circuit. When large current flows through the circuit, the temperature of fuse wi wilijncrease. Ghi melts the fuse wire and breaks the circuit. Fuses" used for domestic purposes are rated as IA, 2A, 3A, 5A, IOAetc.fo ario power of appliance using. Prepared By: Arun Kumar Sub: Science tion depending upon the Page 6 Chauhan Market, Sadarpur colony, Main ITI Road Near Charan Singh Bharat Gas, Noida Sector 45 MN: 8218651894

Need a Tutor or Coaching Class?

Post an enquiry and get instant responses from qualified and experienced tutors.

Post Requirement

Related Study Notes

Upload Study Notes

If you have your own Study Notes which you think can benefit others, please upload on LearnPick. For each approved Study Note you will get 100 Credit Points and 100 Activity Score which will increase your profile visibility.

Upload Now
Home > Study Notes > Notes On Class 10th: Science