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Science Class 6

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Published in: Science
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Organisms and their surrounding NCERT notes

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  1. There are different surroundings at different places- mountains, deserts, oceans, landforms, sea, beaches etc. Camel- dried dung, less urine and do not sweat Shape of fish- streamline shape (design that enables the object to move in the air or water with ease) Adaptation: it is a specific feature present in plants or animals that enables them to survive. • Adaptation occur over many years (say thousand years). The organisms that adopt to the changes in the habitat will survive. Habitat: surrounding where the organisms live. (Dwelling place) Terrestrial habitats: the habitants leaving on land- forests, deserts, grasslands, mountains and coastal area Aquatic habitats: the habitat of plants and animals that live in water Habitats have two components Biotic Abiotic Living organisms e.g.: plants, animals Non living organisms e.g.: sunlight, air, water Abiotic factors are important factors for the growth of the biotic organisms. Adaptation: In terrestrial habitat: Desert The snakes and rats stay in burrows in the day time where there is too much heat. They come out during night times when it is cold. The plants loss less amount of water in the form of transpiration (movement of water from roots to leaves. The water collected under the leaves will evaporate). They will have small leaves. They also have spines that will allow very less water to evaporate. The leafy like structure see in cactus is stem. Photosynthesis in cactus is done by stem. The roots of the cactus are grown deep into the soil to absorb water. Mountain regions These area a cold and windy and few mountains are covered by snow. The trees here are cone shape. Slope branches, needle-like leaves helps them to drain off the snow and rain water. There may be also different kind of adaptation. Animals have thick skin or fur to keep them worm. Mountain goats have strong hooves In mountain region, the adaptations are different at various heights.
  2. Grass land Lions have long claws in front legs. It can also withdraw its claws inside its toes. This helps it to hunt. o Its light brown colour helps it to hide in the dry grasslands when they are hunting for prey. Deer has strong teeth for chewing the strong plants. They should know about the presence of the predators. o The long ears helps deer to identify the movements of the predators. o Their eyes are at the sides of the face so that they can have better view of the surrounding to escape from predators. o Their speed helps them to escape from the predators Some aquatic habitat Oceans Streamline shape of the fish helps it to swim in the water. The sea animals like squids and octopus stay deep in the sea and eat the prey that comes near to them. When they move up, their body turn streamline. Dolphins and whales do not have gills. The have to breathe through nostril or blowholes. (Only in air). So they come to the surface of the water to breathe and can stay without breathing for long time. Lakes and ponds Few here are three types. o Plants that float on water o Plants which are submerged in water completely o Plants fixed in soil by roots o These plants show many adaptation in them to withstand in water. How to decide living or non-living things Animals move also vehicles Plants and animals grow- also clouds All living things needs food, show growth, respire, respond to stimuli, and reproduce their own kind. Growth: The process of increasing size is growth. All the living organisms show growth. Respiration: It is finally thorough respiration that we obtain energy from the food we intake. • Animals take oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. In plants they inhale carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen. In case of earthworms, they breathe through skin. Fishes respire through gills.
  3. Plants exchange gases through leaves. Plants produce food only during daytime in the presence of sunlight. Respiration activity takes place throughout day and night. But the amount of oxygen produced is more during day time. Response to stimuli: Changes in the surroundings that makes us response is called stimuli. All the living organisms responds to the changes • Animals responds to the changes in their surroundings. • Plants also responds: flowers of few plants bloom only during night-time. Some plant's flowers closes after sunset. ' The leaves of Touch-me-not, mimosa close or fold when they are touched. • The plants growing in house bend towards the sunlight from window Excretion: The process of getting rid of the wastes by living organisms is called Excretion. • Animals and plants both excrete. ' Plants excrete by the process of secretions. Reproduction: Animals reproduce of their own kind. The method of reproduction is different for different animals. Plants reproduce through their seeds which can germinate and grow. Few plants can also grow by other parts. E.g. potato with bud. Rose and mehandi plants are can grow by branch cuttings. Movement: • Animals move from place to place. They also show movements in their organs ' Plants can't move. But the food produced in them moves from one part to another. Death: Living organisms also die. • Organisms die, but organism types can survive for thousands of years. This can happen only if the organism reproduces of its own.

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