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Politics Notes

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Published in: Political Science
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NCERT Class 10 chapter 5

Sharath / Delhi

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  1. How to pressurise the politics through indirect groups and influencing them. Nepal case: ' There was huge demand to convert monarch system to democratic government. ' People led the strike for four days, and their protest was not able to control by the security, and finally king was conceived with all the demands to create a democratic country. Around 3-5 lakhs people served as ultimatum to the king. • The new government formed amended the bills to reduce the powers of government and the Maoist people came to understanding that how the government was formed. Bolivia's water war: This is the case for fight for water. World Bank pressurised the government to give up its control over municipal water supply. Control on water supply in the city was given up by the government to a MNC company. This company suddenly increased the price of water bills by four times which was not able for the people to pay. Finally the people protested for 4 days (strike led by new alliance of labour, human rights and community leaders). This was not successful. And people protested again. The government imposed martial law. But the power of people forced the MNC to flee the city and the cancel the contract and normal restoration of water took place with the old water supply rates. Democracy is evolved by such instances all over the world. Democratic conflict is resolved through mass mobilisation. The spontaneous public participation is done because of effective with the help of organised politics. (Political parties, pressurising groups, movement groups). Mobilisation and organisation The call for indefinite strike was given by SPA (seven party alliance) in Nepal. o Also by Nepalese communist party (Maoist). o Many labour union and their federation union joined the protest. o Many indigenous people, lawyers, teachers and human right groups extended the support. The strike in Bolivia was led by non-political groups- confederation of factory workers unions, middle class students from the university. Federation of farmers who relied on water. One way of influencing the decisions in the democracy is directly participating in competitive politics. Another way of influencing the decision is to forming the social or pressurised groups. Few unit for the reasons and fight for a cause without forming a group. Pressure groups and movements: ' These are the groups that are organised to influence the government decisions. These group do not exercise the political power directly but they influence the government
  2. policies by forming groups of people with similar interests, opinion, common occupation, to achieve common goal. Sectional groups and public interest groups: Sectional groups are only interested in protecting the people's interest of only particular group not in general. These members may also participate in other social movements with may not benefit them. Promotional groups or public interest groups do not work for the cause of their interest. They work for the collective good rather than selective good. o Ngo fight against bonded labour In some other instances, the groups may take part in the strikes which benefits them and other members too. Movement groups: These groups are temporary groups that are active for only specific cause to achieve a single objective within small period of time. There is no single organisation that controls such movements. All the members share similar objective. The movement may have a loose umbrella organisations. How these groups influence politics: They exert pressure on political parties in various ways. They try to get public support and sympathy for their goals- petition, media interaction, campaigns They conduct strikes and disrupt government programmes. Business groups heir lobbyists. In some cases, political parties extend their arms (trade union, students union- Rahul Gandhi) Political parties grow out of these movements. Is it good to have influence in politics? Yes because it will promote the interests of all groups of the society. These movements wield democracy without forming any groups. (responsibility) The groups and movements are not accountable to people but political parties are. Putting pressure on the leaders is not healthy as long as all of them in the society gets chance. No groups can dominate in the decision of the government policies. Because if it demands for the favour of the particular group of the society, the other group will also counter them by not demanding the biased decision. In this way it rough balances the power and accommodation of conflicting interests. If communities were kept busy fighting over some issue, they would have less opportunity to demand demoncracy.

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