Looking for a Tutor Near You?

Post Learning Requirement »
x

Choose Country Code

x

Direction

x

Ask a Question

x

x
x
For better view click here
x
Hire a Tutor
DISCOVER

Politics Notes

Loading...

Published in: Political Science
962 Views

NCERT Class 10 chapter 4

Sharath / Delhi

2 years of teaching experience

Qualification: B.Tech/B.E. (DU - 2012)

Teaches: All Subjects, Mathematics, Science, Chemistry, Physics, Algebra, Geography

Contact this Tutor
  1. Gender religion and caste Social division in India due to social difference are categorised into 3 i) Gender Religion Caste Gender and politics Sexual division of labour- menial and chores are done by the women of the family or organised through domestic helpers. Men feel that it is the only responsibility of women to do daily chores and menial work. If these jobs are paid, then they are ready to do these works. Along with the domestic chores and menial works, works also work outside. In villages, women work in fields. In urban areas, poor women goes for domestic work, whereas middle class family women goes for office work. Most of the work done by women goes unrecognised. There was a moment all around the globe against the ill treatment of women in the society. There was protests across the globe by women to secure equal rights, equal opportunity, and education and carrier opportunity. This movements are called feminist movements In the Scandinavian countries such as Sweden, Norway and Finland, the women participation in public life is very high. Despite of many struggles after independence in India, we still find patriarchal society. Women faces disadvantages, discriminations and oppression in the society. In education: average literacy rate of women is 54% and that of men is 76%. Only few women go for higher studies. Also parents feel to invest in male child future than spending equally on both male and female. Average high pay of women is less than that of men. Even though the average working hours of women is one hour more than men, their work is often goes unpaid. Equal remuneration act 1976, was passed aiming in providing equal wage to both men and women. But right form the cinema industry to sports, fields, factories, women are paid less than men for the same work. Selective sex ratio is another issue in gender inequality. Most of the parents prefer male child and try to abort female child before it is born. As the result there will be decline in child sex ratio. It is also not safe for women even at home from domestic violence, harassment, beating and other forms of domestic violence. Representation of women in politics Women share very less percentage of seats in the legislature. (In India 10%) It is believed by feminists and women that only women can get control of the issues or adequate attention only when they come to power. So more women representatives will give opportunity to express their views. One way of solving the issue is by binding fair proportion of the women representatives in the elected bodies.
  2. One such step take by GOI is reservation of seat for women in panchayat raj system and municipality by 1/3rd. Now there are more than 10 lakhs women representatives in India. There is a similar demand for 1/3rd reservation of seat for women in Lok Sabha and state assembly. But this issue is in pending from years and the bill is not passed yet. Women could have not gained any support to the patriarchal society unless the issue was made political. Religion, communalism and politics Here we see the social division based on religious difference. Unlike gender, religious differences are expressed in politics Gandhiji says that religion can never be separated from politics. Politics must be drawn from the ethnics drawn from religion. Minorities are victimised to communal riots. The human rights groups have demanded the government to take more steps to protect religious minorities. Women's movement has argued that the FAMILY LAWS of all the religions are discriminating women. They demanded to change the laws to make more equitable. People can share their ideas and interests, demand their needs in politics through representing the community. These olitical acts are not wron as Ion as the treat all the reli ion ase ua Communalism The problem become acute when the religion is expressed as the nation basis. The best example for this is the Northern Ireland expressed religion exclusively and partisan (prejudice) terms. This pitted one religion belief with other. If belief of one religion is expressed as dominant to other, demands of one group forms opposition to other group, when state power is used to express the dominance of the religious group. All these manners leads to communal politics. Communal politics is based on the idea of religion is the principal basis of the social community. Thinking of communalism The follower of the particular religion belongs to one community. Their fundamental interests are same. If there is any difference in these people, it is irrelevant or trivial to the community life. People who follow different religion can't belong to the same social community. If such communities exists, then they are considered superficial or immaterial. People belong to the different religion can't live with equal citizenship within the nation. Either one of the religion is dominant or they have to form different religion. This belief is fundamentally flawed. People of one religion do not have the same interest of the others. Each religion has their own aspirations. All these voices are right to be heard. Many voices are supressed when the communalism is followed in a community.
  3. Various form of politics in communalism: Dominance of one religion on other, stereotype of religious communities and prejudice. The communities of same religion tend to form majoritarianism. The minority community desires to from a separate political unit. Political mobilisation on religious line. This involves in use of religious symbols, sacred symbols, emotional appeals and plain fear in order to bring the religious followers together in the political arena Sometimes communalism takes ugliest form of communal violence, riots and massacre. India and Pakistan has seen communal violence during the period of post-independence. Secular state: INDIA There is no official religion for the Indian state. No religion has special status in the constitution of India. Our constitution gives provision to follow or not to follow any religion of interest. Indian constitution prohibits the discrimination of an individual on the basis of religion. Our constitution allows the religions to intervene in order to ensure the equality among and within the religious communities. (For example abolition of untouchability). Caste and politics ' Casteism believes caste as basis for social community. Expression of caste in politics has both positive and negative impact. Caste inequality The work involved in the society is acquired by heredity. The practise of profession by heredity that sanctioned by rituals, marriage with same caste bride or broom. Not involving other castes in their work, forming their own communities, avoiding having food with other castes and practise of untouchability. The caste systems in India have undergone changes due to efforts of political leaders and socio-economic changes.- Urbanisation, growth of literacy rate, occupational mobility, breakdown of old notion of caste hierarchy. Yet the caste system has not yet disappeared in our country The effects of centuries of advantaged and disadvantaged people has been continue to be felt today. The caste groups that had access to old education system have done well in the present day education. Whereas the groups which had no access to the old education system had shown steady decline in the education. Hence there exists disproportion in education even today. Caste continues to be close link to the economic status. Caste can take various forms in politics: Political parties will ensure that the nominated candidate will be from different caste so as to muster the necessary support to win elections. Political parties and candidates will appeal to the caste sentiments to muster support. Universal adult franchise has geared up the political parties to secure political support from all the castes of the society that were hitherto treated as inferior and low.
  4. It is no longer that same community will caste for particular party or candidate. Therefore every party needs to win the confidence among all the communities. Many political parties put the candidates of a particular caste in constituency where the same caste people are dominant. The ruling parties and sitting MP and MLA frequently loose because of communities that are frozen in the political preferences. It is the caste that gets politicised Each caste tries to expand by incorporating the neighbouring caste or sub castes which were excluded. • Various castes has to form coalition for the dialogue and negotiation process. The expression of caste in politics gives an opportunity to express the grievance of the social and economically disadvantaged communities. But there should not be the caste alone as identity of a community. This leads to conflicts and violence.

Need a Tutor or Coaching Class?

Post an enquiry and get instant responses from qualified and experienced tutors.

Post Requirement

Related Study Notes

Upload Study Notes

If you have your own Study Notes which you think can benefit others, please upload on LearnPick. For each approved Study Note you will get 100 Credit Points and 100 Activity Score which will increase your profile visibility.

Upload Now
Home > Study Notes > Politics Notes