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Class 10 CBSE Science Notes

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Published in: Biology
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Biology Nutrition

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  1. 1 NUTRITION BL-I 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 NUTRITION : "Nutrition" is a process of intake as well as utilization of nulf ts by an organism. It is the process of breakdown of nutrients into smaller molecules and their rption. Food provides us nutrition and energy. It contains different types of nutrien in varying unts according to the need of our body. (a) Nutrients : These are the substances required by our body for its wth, re work and maintenance of the body. Different types of nutrients are c ates, amins, mineral etc. Our rotein daily energy need may vary accor sexa under some specific o our o pation, conditions. MODES OR NUTRITION : There are several modes of Autotr •tion o c e basis Nut to synthesize - ey are own fo hich organisms are classified as follows . Heterotrophic They are not able to synthesize their own food. hic : (Aut sel , i food. In nic mo carbohydrate further categoriz food) It is a mode of nutrition in which organisms prepare their own es like CO and H O are converted into organic molecules like the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. e.g. Green plants. Autotrophs are (i) Photoautotroph : Those which utilize sunlight for preparing their food (ii) Chemoautofroph : Those which utilize chemical energy for preparing their food. (b) Heterofrophic : (Hetero = different ; trophic = food) It is a mode of nutrition in which organisms derive their food fro some other animals or plants. They cannot prepare their own food e.g. human being. Heterotrophs are further categorized depending on the nature of food they consume . (i) Herbivores : Animals which eat only plants, e.g. Cow, goat etc.
  2. 2 (ii) Carnivores : They feed on flesh of other animals, e.g. Lion, vulture etc. (iii) Omnivores : T hey feed on plants and animals both e.g. Dog, human etc. (iv) Detritivores : Feed on detritus or dead organic remains, e.g. Earthworm etc. (v) Sanguivorous : Feed on blood e.g. Leech, female mosquito etc. 1.2 1.3 (vi) Frugivorous : Feed on fruits, e.g. Parrot etc. (vii) Insectivores : Feed on insects, e.g. Bats etc. (c) On the Basis of Mode of Feeding Organisms are orised As : (i) Holozoic : They ingest mostly solid but sometimes liquid food. e g oeba, human etc. (ii) Saprotrophic : they absorb organic matter from dea •sms with the help a •go of their enzymes. e.g., Bacteria, fungi etc. (iii) Parasitic : They derive their nutrition from 0th •ving pl to tw currence or anima Nutrition in animals lasmodium round worms etc. Nutrition ca categories on Nutrition in plan divi asis of Nufrition in Pla Plants a totrop al-ure. T repare their own food hence they are called as producers. 1.3 (a) They conta erted into ch t esis . (i) D 1 •tion led chlorophyll which can entrap solar energy which is then igme ical e y in th form of food and the process is called as "Photosynthesis". thesis of organic compounds like glucose from simple inorganic C02 an 20 by the cells of green plants having chlorophyll in the presence of molecules sunlight is ca s photosynthesis. (ii) Equitation of photosynthesis : Photosynthesis is a two step process. Sunlight 6C02 + 12H O C6H1206 + 602 + 6H20 2 Chlorophyll (A) Light reaction : AT, NADPH2 and 02 are produced. (B) Dark reaction : CO & H20 are converted into glucose. • Photosynthesis essentially requires two things : 1.3 (b) Sunlight :
  3. 3 For plants sun the basis source of radiant energy. Plants utilize the light in the visible region of solar spectra (electromagnetic spectrum) which comes under the range of 390 nm - 780 nm. Visible region consists of white light which is a mixture of 7 lights of different wavelengths.
  4. Radio UV Visible 4 R X—Ray Cosmic 760 nm 380 nm Maximum photosynthesis occurs in red region. There is minimum photosynthesis in green region because green parts of plants reflect whole of the green light. 1.3 (c) Chlorophyll : These are the green pigments present in chloroplast. They are d in green leaves in a maximum amount as well as in other green aerial parts o lant. There six different types of chlorophyll, they are chlorophyll a,b,c,d,e and bacterio and chlorophyll b are the most commonly occurrin loroph • Besides chlorophyll certain other pigments are also p nt in p (i) Carotenes : Orange in colour e.g. Carro (ii) Xanthophylls : Orange yellow in co (iii) Phycobilins : Different colour like re 1.3(d) Raw Materials of Photosyn s: e.g. Ma • let e . Blue-green ong em chlorophyll a like. , brown algae etc. lants (i) Carbondioxide : Terrest in car small openings present on leav Iled as ata. dioxide from the atmosphere through the ata' are the small pores present on the surface of leaves. T help in ex e of ga nd water. Stomata opening is guarded by the presence of guard ce •dn ape quatic plants obtain C02 dissolved in water through their general urface ey perform e photosynthesis than terrestrial plants. Inner wall (thicker) Guard cell stomata/ pore Open stomata Closed stomata (ii) Water : Pla bsorb water from the soil by the process of osmosis. This water is transported to leaves by a special type of tissue called as xylem. • Plants utilize carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, the intensity of light at which amount of C02 used during photosynthesis becomes equal to the amount of C02 released during respiration by plants in called as Compensation point. • Compensation point occurs at low light intensity that is during morning and during evening hours. 1.3 (e) Site Photosynthesis :
  5. 5 Site of photosynthesis is different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. • In prokaryotes : Photosynthesis occurs in lamellar chromatophores. • In eukaryotes : Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast. • Exception : Fungi ( It lacks chlorophyll so no photosynthesis occurs here). • In higher plants chloroplast in the main site of photosynthesis. Chloroplast is also called as green plastid. • Plastid was first observed by Haeckel. • Plastids are of 3 different types on the basis of pigments present • them. (i) Leucoplast : White in colour, found in underground parts, lacks coloured pigment. Helps in storage of protein (Aleuroplst), oil (Elaioplast), starch ( loplst) (ii) Chloroplast : Colour other than green found in aerial p o (iii) Chloroplast : Contain green pigment, called as rophyl . nts Chloroplast was discovered by Schimper. • Number of chloroplasts is variable in n • In lower plants like algae they are 1 0 umber. • In higher plants their number v • s from Chloroplast also have v • ble sh for e while it is discoidal in higher ts. T.S. of leaf ies of p e cell r more. le cup s ed, ribbon shaped etc. in algae FRET MEMBRANES RIBOSOMES ONA MATRIX STARCH GRANUM STROMA GRANUM PLASTOGLOBULE STROMA THYLAKOIDS THYLAKOIDS Chloroplast A typical re of chloroplast is a double membranous structure having two parts. (i) Grana : It is a lamellar system consisting of stacks of granum lamella each bounded by a membranous box called as thylakoid. They are 40 - 60 per cell. Number of thylakoids per grana is 50 or more Chlorophyll molecules are found inside the thylakoid membrane where they trap solar energy in the form of small energy packets called 'photon' or 'quanta'. Grana are interconnected to each other by a channel called as stroma lamellae or Fret's channel. (ii) Stroma : It is a non pigmented proteinaceous matrix in which grana remain embedded. It contain enzymes for dark reaction.
  6. 6 1.3 (f) Mechanism of Photosynthesis : (i) Light reaction : • It is also called as photochemical process. • It was discovered by 'Robert Hill' therefore it is also called as Hill's reaction/ • Site : Grana of chloroplast. • Raw materials : Light and water. • Regulation : This process is regulated by chlorophyll molecules. • It consist of 3 steps : (A) Photo excitation of chlorophyll molecule : During this process phyll molecule receives sunlight in the form of small energy bundles called as ns and b e excited to higher energy level. (B) Photolysis and Cl- ions. 2H20 4 02 is liberate 2NADP + 4H+ Photons Chl —.>. Chl ) Chl : It is also calle +02 + photo lion o er, this takes place in presence of Mn+2 otophosph quantasom d inor Mg+2 io (ii) Dark rea n : roduc d H + ions are sed for reduction of NADP DPH 2 During this process ATP are produced. It takes place in latio hosphate is required to convert ADP ATP, ADP + iP ATP. • It is also calle thermo chemical reaction. • It was discovered by Melvin calving and benson therefore it is also called as Calving cycle Site = Stroma of chloroplast. • Raw materials : They require C02, NADPH? ATP and Enzymes. • Regulated by : Light reaction and enzymes. • It involves three basic steps :
  7. 7 (A) Carboxylation : In this step C02 is captured by C02 acceptors like RUBP (C3 Plants) PET (C4P1ants) with the help of carboxylase enzyme i.e. RUBISCO & PEPCO respectively. (B) Synthesis : This phase cap true C02 is assimilated into glucose in the presence of phosphatase 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 and isomerease enzymes and RUBP is regenerated back. (C) Regeneration of RUBP FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS : (a) Light ; Normally plants utilize sunlight but marine algae can perform photo light. Plants can also perform photosynthesis in the artifi • Highest rate of photosynthesis : Red light • Minimum photosynthesis : Green light • Very high light intensity can cause reduct• (i) Decrease in franspiraüon rate (ii) Denaturation of chlorophyll molecule (b) Temperature : Optimum range = 250 C to 300 C hotosy hesis even in the moon sis by causing It ranges from 100 - In some for e algae ring he rate 0 - 700 is normal (c) Carbon di st limit • of p sy 1 above 0.9 ate facto . 3 - 0.1% is present in the atmosphere concentration of CO oc rate between 0.1 to 0, it is constant and it is called as saturation point. (d) Oxygen : 02 acts as competitive inhibitor of C02. Over concentration of 02 stops photosynthesis. (e) Chlorophyll :
  8. 1.5 8 Chlorophyll content is directly proportional to rate of photosynthesis. No photosynthesis occurs in etiolated cells, In variegated leaves it occurs only at places where chlorophyll is present. SIGNIFICANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS : Photosynthesis is a boon to the nature and to the human beings. It has following signifi cance : (i) Production of food material Atmospheric control and purification of air. DAILY PRACTIVE PROBMES # 1 OBJECTIVE QUESTION 1. water. 2. The raw materials for photosynthesis are (A) C02 & 021 (B) sunlight and CO r and this eart ophyll arried out by C02 and Most of the photosynthesis (80%) whic (A) green plants on land (C) algae found in ocean es place nzyme ae present in fresh water (D) algae present in ocean and fresh water sources. 3. juice 4. 5. Which of the folio (A) Saliva hs no d • 1 (C) Gastric juice (D) Intestinal Plants are green 1 olo cause rb gre light o sorb ht but reflect all other lights Full name ADP is (A) Nicotinami ucleotide phosphate phosphate (C) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (B) they reflect green light (D) none of the above are correct. (B) Nicotine adenine dinuceotide (D) None of the above 6. Wavelength of visible light is (A) 200 - 400 nm (B) 400 - 700 nm (C) 700 - 900 nm (D) 100 200
  9. 9 The presence of sugar in onion leaves can be tested with 7. 8. 9. (A) iodine (C) lime water (B) copper sulphate solution (D) benedict's solution Chemical reaction takes place during dark reaction of photosynthesis is (A) photolysis (C) carbon dioxide is bonded with RUBP (B) hydrolysis (D) nitrogen fixation Dark reaction and light reaction of photosynthesis takes place in (A) stroma and grana of chloroplast respectively respectively (C) grana only (B) grana a a only 10. C02 acceptor during dark reaction of photosynthesis is (A) RUBP (B) PEP ( ADPH froma of chloroplast (D) ATP SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE Q TION 1. 2. 3. Define photosynthesis ? Name the different des of nutri them with one example of each ? d cla Name the site of light dar ction hotosy thesis ? LONG ANSWER TYP TION 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Explain how wat n uence the rate of photosynthesis ? eratu e struct and f chloroplast along with a well labelled diagram ? Des • th Explain rocess n of photosynthesis ? otosynthesis' in plants. List four factor which influence this process and describe ho h of them affects the rate of the photosynthesis. [Delhi, 200 Explain the following aspects of photosynthesis in plants : (i) The role of chlorophyll (ii) Dark reaction (iii) Calvin - Benson Cycle.
  10. BL-2 2.1 10 NUTRITION NUTRITION IN ANIMALS : Animals have highly evolved digestive mechanism that inclu o basic components : Alimentary canal : Long, hollow, tubular structure consistin f various organs for digestion. Digestive glands : They secrete enzymes/ hor es whi Digestion in animals consist of following steps : Ingestion Digestion smaller Absorption Assimilation Egestion Digestiv stem is The proce e of fo elp in mplex It is th eakdow large a uble fo an olecules into simpler, Alimenta was presen Coiled and w NUT O I was t dev Taking of the ted food through intestinal wall to blood. bsorbe ood in taken by body cells. •s proc ess by •ch undigested matter is expelled out. by varl hormones secreted by some endocrine glands. of all develo ed in the phylum Platyelminthes but only mouth d alim ntary canal was developed in annelida till mammals. 2.2 2.2 ER ANIMALS : (a) Nutriti Amoeba : It is a unicellu ganism living in water. • Mode of nutrition of holozoic. • The process of obtaining food is the phagocytosis (cell eating) • Steps involved in digestion of amoeba are : (i) Ingestion : Since it is unicellular so a single cell is responsible for carrying out all the vital activities. Food is ingested with the help of pseudopodia. Animal engulfs the food particle lying near it by forming pseudopodia around it and forming a food vacuole while is considered at its temporary stomach.
  11. 11 (ii) Digestion : The enzymes from surrounding cytoplasm enter the food vacuole and break down the food into smaller & soluble forms. (iii) Absorption : The digested food is now absorbed by cytoplasm by simple diffusion and then the food vacuole disappear. (iv) Assimilation : The food absorbed in amoeba is used to obtain energy from respiration, for its growth and reproduction. (v) Egestion : Undigested food is thrown out of the cell. 2.2 Pseudopodia Food (b) Nutrition is Grasshopper : Eruyme F-cnd vacu* • It has a well developed digestive em ha an alimen The various organs of dig e syste grassh er are nal and digestive glands. Mouth Oesophagus Cro Gizza • Glands associate •th it are : (i) Salivary g ds tic caec Colon Rectum. Stom •ded into three parts. • Digestive s (i) Foregut Midgut t f a gra per can be outh zard rd to m (actual stomach) stom to anus. • The process involves: (i) Ingestion : If feeds on green leaves so it takes food through its mouth with the help of it's forelegs and mouth parts.
  12. (ii) duct. 12 Digestion: (A) It starts from the mouth. (B) A pair of salivary glands secretes saliva and release it into the mouth through the salivary (C) Saliva mixed with food and lubricates and soften the food. (D) Digestion of starch begins here. (E) This slightly digested food enters into the crop through a food pipe i.e. esophagus. (F) Crop stores the food temporarily. (G) Now the food moves to gizzard. Here it is finally crushed and stomach. (H) In stomach hepatic caeca release its secretions in the fo is then completely digested at this site. ticated an then moves to en es, thus the food (iii) Absorption : The digested food moves to small intestin um) an sorbed through its walls. (iv) Assimilation : Nutrients are assimilated the the fulfillment of the equire ne growth, energy and repair of the body. (v) Egestion : Undigested food is the ssed out through anus in the form of ngate faecal ets. • The excretory organ of the alphigi OPPer and midgut. NUTRITION IN H here 2 0 absorbed) and expelled bules present at the junction of hindgut 2.3 Humans canal and diffe Alimentary 2.3 (a) ou It is s 2.3 (b) Buccal •ty : Mouth opens highly ved and com ated digestive system consisting of an alimentary s of di •ve glands. t al c t of fo ing organs hich food is ingested. a chamber called as buccal cavity. Roof of buccal cavity is called hard palate. At the floor of th1S cavity thick muscular structure is present called tongue. it helps in chewing swallowing, testing and speaking. Tongue has various types of papilla having taste buds. • Jaws present in buccal cavity are provided with four different types of teeth : (i) Incisors (ii) Canines (iii) Premolars (iv) Molars For cutting For tearing For grinding For grinding
  13. 13 • Dental formula of humans : (A) Milk teeth These are temporary, arise at 6 - 11 month age, 20 in number Half upper jaw 2102 Hiaf lower jaw 2102 (B) Permanent teeth arise at 6 - 12 years, 32 in number Half upper jaw 2123 Half lower jaw 2123 Three pairs of salivary glands are found in mouth which release heir secretions into the buccal cavity. 2.3 (C) Oesophagus . Also called as food pipe. It leads the food from mou muscular walls, no digestion occurs here. 2.3 (b) Stomach : It is a 'J' shaped bag present on left sid glands present on the inner surface of it 23 (e) Small Intestine : It is a coiled and narrow tub aving • On the inner wall of small in ne nu agus has highly branched and butular n. It co •ns sev ice. ecret gas Il, whi ons : denum , jej um, ileum. us fing e projections are found which are called as villi, they increa • Duodenum is pro 2.3 (f) large Intesti Small intestine anus through re the surface a f abso n. art Stine re ves secretion from liver and pancreas. to lar testine from w here the undigested food material is passed to •vide three parts: olon 2.3 (g) Dig •ve (i) Sali digestion. starch. (ii s: lands . (iii) Rectum irs of salivary glands are found in mouth cavity. It helps in chemical secret at enzyme called salivary amylase or ptyalin. It helps in digestion of (ii) Gastric glands : Present in stomach. They secret hydrochloric acid, protein digesting enzymes and mucus. (iii) Liver : It is the largest gland, secrets bile into the small intestine. Bile contains bile juice and bile pigments. Bile is alkaline in nature and it is temporarily stored in gall bladder and helps in digestion of fats, it also helps in absorption fats.
  14. 14 (iv) Pancreas: It lies parallel to and below the stomach. It secrets pancreatic juice into small intestine. Pancreatic juice contains tyrosine and pancreatic amylase. Besides these 2 enzymes pancreas secretes 2 hormones also i.e. :- insulin and glucagons so it has both exocrine as well as endocrine functions. Both bile and pancreatic juice are released into the duodenum by a common duct.
  15. 15 DAILY PRACTICE PROBLESMS # 2 OBJECTIVE QUSTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Compensation point refers to the intensity of light at which (A) Rate of respiration = rate of photosynthesis (B) Rate of respiration > rate of photosynthesis (C) Rate of respiration < Rate of photosynthesis (D) None of the above is correct Among the following which is a parasitic plant ? (A) Plasmodium (B) Cuscuta The nutrition in mucor is (A) parasitic (B) autotrophic (C) Amoeba (C) sapr a is m (D) Rhizobium lozoic llular In amoeba the digestion is intracellular because (A) amoeba is unicellular (C) amoeba is found is pond Digestion of food in human starts from (A) duodenum (B) small • testine The digestion of food is completed (A) ileum (B) enum amoe ( mach intest s •c animal micros (D) large intestine (D) large intestine The most important function of the s (A) to provide stren to the int (B) to provid ace for (C) to provide ed sur s and la s area for absorption of digested food (D) to provide h •ta bacterl h of the follo s does not contain enzymes ? g se (D) Saliva che s an (C) Intestinal juice ealic juice f (A) chemi gestion B) mechanical digestion(C) involuntary action (D) hydrolysis The final pro f digestion of carbohydrates and proteins are (A) glycerol and amino acid respectively (C) amino acids and glycerol respectively (B) glucose and amino acids respectively (D) amino acids and glucose respectively
  16. 16 SUBEJCTIVE QUESTIONS VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. Name the different steps involved in digestive process. Name the excretory organ of grasshopper. Give the importance of bile during digestion process, also write from where it is secreted, what is its site of action ? LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS 4. Draw a well labelled diagram of human alimentary canal. Me •on the functions of liver in digestion. 5. 6. DescHbe the digestive system of grasshopper with the he Explain how does the major nutrients in chapatti eaten b finally absorbed by the alimentary canal ? well labe •agram ? u fo et digested and
  17. BL-3 3.1 17 NUTRITION INTESTINAL GLANDS : They secrete intestinal juice and mucus. ORAL CAVITY • 'ONGUE LINGUAL SALIVARY GLAND sua MANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLANO LIVER WOOENLN TRANSVERSE COLON ASCENDING COLON CAECUM APPENDIX RECTUM rocesses . PAROTID SALIVARY IARYNX OESOPHAGUS STOMACH — PANCREAS JEJUNUM OESCENOING COLON ILEUM ANAL CÅNAC 3.1 (a) Digestive Syste This system (i) Ingestion . ves fo of foo done through mouth, food is then chewed and masticated and sent to esopha hr phar swallowing. iiVDi estion : Sa se in buccal cavity starts digestion of starch into maltose. This partly is th stom assed stomach by esophagus through peristaltic movement. Food is bout three hours and broken down into smaller pieces. Due to presence churne of hydro •c acid, medium of stomach becomes acidic. In acidic medium protein digestive aks down proteins into peptones. Gastric Lipase is also secreted here which enzyme pepsin partially breaks down lipids. • Secretion of gastric juice is stimulated by the sight, smell or thought of food. • Now the partly digested food moves to small intestine i.e. in the duodenum. Duodenum receives the secretion from liver and pancreas through a common duct they are bile and pancreatic juice, and alkaline in nature. So the digestion and emulsification of facts occurs at this place.
  18. 18 Here in the duodenum fats are emulsified by bile, remaining proteins are digested by frypsin and starch by pancreatic amylase. NOTE : Duodenal wall secretes bicarbonate ions which make the medium alkaline. This partially digested food now enters in the ileum where intestinal juice i.e. 'Succus entericus" is secreted. At this place digestion is completed. Carbohydrates Glucose Proteins Amino acids Fats Fatty acids and glycerol (iii) Absorption : After digestion molecules are broken do they are to be utilized, so they pass through the wall of s capillaries and enters into the blood. For absorption o lymp impler illaries ar soluble forms now contains blood ent called as lacteals. NOTE : Wall of small intestine have V surface area for absorption. ger e proje is ca s calle • Ili, they increase the (iv) Assimilation : The process of u tions o in blood are carried to all part the bo here th (A) For building up and replac t of ce (B) For obtaining e Y. This ene release ilafing. The nutrients dissolved re utilized. the process of oxidation during respiration. (v) Egestion : The undig d fo s the ected m large intestine where water is absorbed and elled t r egested thr h anus. remaining wast DAILY PRACTICE PROBLEMS # 3 OBJECTIV s 1. 2. it 3. e dige In amoe (A) extrace f food is (B) intracellular (C) intercellular (D) none of the above Through mastic on of food is essential because (A) mastication of food makes the teeth stronger (B) it makes the process of swallowing the food easier (C) by this process bigger pieces of food are broken down into smaller pieces. (D) bigger pieces of food are broken down into smaller pieces and saliva is properly mixed with The wave of contractions that pushes the food through the alimentary canal is called (A) peritoneum (B) peristalsis (C) cyclosis (D) polarisation
  19. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. In amoeba absorption of the digested nutrients occurs in (A) contractile vacuole (B) plasma membrane (C) cytoplasm Coiled and well developed alimentary canal first developed in (A) Protozoans (B) Mammals Digestion of starch starts from (A) stomach (B) intestine (C) Arthropods (C) esophagus The path taken by food material after ingestion is represented by (A) Mouth Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach (B) Mouth Pharynx Oesophagus Small Intestine (C) Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Pharynx (D) Oesophagus Mouth Pharynx Stomach Teeth involved in cutting of food material are calle (A) canines (B) incisors Ptyalin enzyme is secreted by (A) salivary glands Villi are present on (A) stomach (B) mouth (B) e inte (C ophagus mall intes 19 (D) pseudopodia (D) Poriferans (D) mouth (D) premolars (D) stomach (D) mouth SUBJECTIVE QUESTI S VERY SHORT ANSWER 1. 2. 3. What is the p forme ring C 3 cycle dark reaction of photosynthesis ? Where does the s •on of f akes place ? e five differe type lands olved in human digestive system LONG ANS IONS 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Explain us diges glands present in man along with their secretions & functions. Explain dark lion of Photosynthesis. What is photophosphorylation ? Explain cyclic and monocyclic photophosophorylation in brief. What are the various factors that affect photosynthesis explain each of them in brief ? (i) Explain why the rate of photosynthesis in plants is low both at lower and higher temperatures (ii) Is green light most or least useful in photosynthesis and why ? (iii) Describe and activity to show that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis in plants.
  20. 20051 9. 10. 20041 11. 20 [CBSE, What is the function of gizzard in grasshopper. Draw a labelled diagram showing the digestive system of grasshopper ? [CBSE, 20051 What is the importance of the following process occurring during photosynthesis in plants ? (i) Emission of electrons from chlorophyll (ii) Photolysis of water What is meant by utilization of food ? Name the digestive gland of [CBSE hopper.
  21. ANSWERS DAILY PRACTIVE PROBELSM # 1 Qus. Ans. DAILY PRACTIVE PROBLEMS # 2 Qus. Ans. DAILY PRACTIVE PROBLEM Qus. Ans. 21 10 10
  22. N/A

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