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CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O

One mole of CH4 reacts with two moles of oxygen to produce one mole of CO2 and two moles of water.

16 g CH4 means (16/16) mole or 1 mole CH4.

Thus one mole CH4 will produce one mole or (12 + 32) or 44 g CO2.

Fractional distillation is a method separating a liquid from a mixture.for e.g.liquid ethanol can be separated from a mixture of a ethanol and water.

By reading the question, it is being asked that halogen atom hybridisation in haloalkane. It is the halogen atom which is attached to sp3 hybridised carbon atom in the haloalkane through a single bond. Halogen atom itself is not hybridised.   

This is the answer

The meaning of the word period is repeating at a regular interval or repeating in the same order For Example: In periodic table atomic number always increased by 1 when we go left to right in a row , where as , as we go from top to bottom in a group of periodic table atomic number increases with regular repeating interval of (2,8,8,18,18,32).Another example of atomic radius is when we go from top to bottom in a group atomic radius increases.

Amphoteric oxide : The oxides of elements which can react with both acid and base to give salt and water .Here Zno is amphoteric oxidebecause it has dual nature of reaction that is it can reacts with both acid and base to form salt and water ZnO+Acid-Salt+water ZnO+Base-salt+water.

Permanent hardness of water is due to dissolved salts of chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium which can be removed by adding sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) (washing soda or soda ash) which reacts with these dissolved salts to form insoluble carbonates that can be removed by filtration and then water becomes soft.

Acetic Acid is weak in nature because carboxylic acid group attached to electron donating methyl group and chloro acetic acid is stronger acid than acetic acid because chlorine is electron withdrawing group it pulles electron density towards itself and therefore carboxylic functional group BCom more electron deficient and it is easily donate proton from carboxylic functional group of chloro acetic Acid therefore acetic acid is stronger acid

Talking about ligands Strong field ligands are those which cause a greater splitting of d-orbitals Whereas weak field ligands cause low splitting . In this case, Triethyl Phosphate is a Weak Field ligand due to the weak donation of ethoxide ions. The oxygen atom being a weak donor group due to its electronegativity.

Oxide anions forms lattice with Z ions per unit cell. So Al ions occupy ½ of 2Z tetra voids while Na occupies ⅓of Z octa voids. Simplifying the ratio of atoms we get NaAl3O3 which is seemingly incorrect as charge is not getting balanced. Kindly recheck the question.