Carl Linnaeus was a swedish botanist/zoologist and physician. He is also known as the father of modern taxonomy.

gametophore bearing antheridia only

a. epidermis

A group of prokaryotes, belonging to kingdom Monera.

Economic importance of endosperms is that they form the base for cereals and pulses as well as oilseeds. Large amount of stored food in the endosperm of various plants allow their usage as foodcrop. The bran which is removed from the endosperm of the food crops during the refining process provides fibers and proteins from the aleurone layer. The germ is also removed during refining process and is a good source of vitamins, proteins and oils.

Test cross - A test cross is said to be done when any individual with any genotype (generally a F1 progeny) is crossed with its homozygous recessive parent.

The expression of a recessive allele is masked in presence of a dominant allele. Therefore, a recessive allele is expressed only when it is present as a complete homozygous genotype.

Out cross - It is the practice of mating animals with the same breed, but which have no common ancestors, on any of the parent side of their pedigree. Usually the mating animals dont have a common ancestor upto 4-6 generations. This is done to overcome inbreeding depression, below average productivity and growth rate.

Lycopersicon lycopersicum

Die naturlichen pflazenfamilian

Symmetrical flower examples are: the lily(Lilium, Liliaceae) and the buttercup (Ranunculus, Ranunculaceae.

Plant pathogens have made many adaptations to enable them to invade plants and overcome plant defence mechanisms. These adaptations include secretions of chemical substances/weaons that affect metabolic mechanisms of their hosts. These chemical weapons include Enzymes (cutinases, cellulases, pectinases and lignases), Toxins( host specific toxins, T toxin ), growth regulators and polysaccharides.